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AHMAD, SAIF NAWAZ, Kumar, Nitin, Kumar, REajnish, Ahmad, Adil Nawaz. (1405). Advances in Subcooling Techniques for Transcritical CO₂ Refrigeration Systems: A Comprehensive Review. هنرهای کاربردی, (), -. doi: 10.22075/jhmtr.2026.39481.1865
SAIF NAWAZ AHMAD; Nitin Kumar; REajnish Kumar; Adil Nawaz Ahmad. "Advances in Subcooling Techniques for Transcritical CO₂ Refrigeration Systems: A Comprehensive Review". هنرهای کاربردی, , , 1405, -. doi: 10.22075/jhmtr.2026.39481.1865
AHMAD, SAIF NAWAZ, Kumar, Nitin, Kumar, REajnish, Ahmad, Adil Nawaz. (1405). 'Advances in Subcooling Techniques for Transcritical CO₂ Refrigeration Systems: A Comprehensive Review', هنرهای کاربردی, (), pp. -. doi: 10.22075/jhmtr.2026.39481.1865
AHMAD, SAIF NAWAZ, Kumar, Nitin, Kumar, REajnish, Ahmad, Adil Nawaz. Advances in Subcooling Techniques for Transcritical CO₂ Refrigeration Systems: A Comprehensive Review. هنرهای کاربردی, 1405; (): -. doi: 10.22075/jhmtr.2026.39481.1865

Advances in Subcooling Techniques for Transcritical CO₂ Refrigeration Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Research
مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 27 فروردین 1405
نوع مقاله: Review Article
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22075/jhmtr.2026.39481.1865
نویسندگان
SAIF NAWAZ AHMAD* 1؛ Nitin Kumar2؛ REajnish Kumar3؛ Adil Nawaz Ahmad4
1Senior Research Engineer, R & D Cell, Cool-Max Innovations, Bhiwadi, rasasthan, India
2Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, RKGIT Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
3Assistant Professor, NCE Chandi, Bihar
4Aliah University Kolkata, West Bengal, India
تاریخ دریافت: 01 آبان 1404،  تاریخ بازنگری: 16 بهمن 1404،  تاریخ پذیرش: 27 فروردین 1405 
چکیده
Transcritical CO₂ refrigeration systems are increasingly adopted as low-GWP alternatives, however their performance deteriorates due to high gas cooler pressures and large throttling losses. Subcooling the refrigerant before expansion is a key thermodynamic solution to mitigate these losses, yet a comprehensive and updated synthesis that directly compares the performance, and applicability of diverse subcooling techniques within a unified framework is lacking. This review addresses that gap by providing a structured, critical analysis of both internal and external subcooling methods-including internal heat exchangers (IHX), ejector and expander-assisted systems, and mechanical and thermoelectric subcoolers. The consolidated findings indicate that for high-ambient conditions, mechanical subcooling consistently emerges as the most effective approach, offering substantial COP improvements (20-40%) and in case of DMS, significant discharge pressure reduction. This review further examines integration challenges, advanced control strategies, and emerging hybrid and renewable-assisted systems, offering valuable insights for researchers and designers aiming to enhance the sustainability and performance of next-generation CO₂ refrigeration technologies.
کلیدواژه‌ها
subcooling؛ transcritical co2؛ integrated mechanical؛ dedicated mechanical؛ thermoelectric
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تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 9


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