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وظائف السّياقات الثقافيّة في رواية «دفاتر فارهو» للکاتبة لیلی عبدالله وفقاً للنظريّة الوظيفيّة لمالينوفسكي | ||
| دراسات في اللغة العربيّة وآدابها | ||
| دوره 16، شماره 42، خرداد 2026، صفحه 306-343 اصل مقاله (870.55 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقالة بحثيّة أصيلة (علميّة محكّمة) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22075/lasem.2026.40028.1524 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| جمال ساعدي وفا* 1؛ هادي مرواني2 | ||
| 1دكتوراه في اللغة العربية وآدابها، أستاذ زائر في جامعة فرهنجیان، محافظة خوزستان، الأهواز، إيران. | ||
| 2طالب ماجستير في تعليم اللغة العربية، جامعة فرهنجیان، محافظة خوزستان، الأهواز، إيران. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 21 آذر 1404، تاریخ بازنگری: 05 بهمن 1404، تاریخ پذیرش: 15 اسفند 1404 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تنطلق هذه الدراسة من النظريّة البنائيّة الوظيفيّة لعالم الأنثروبولوجيا برونيسلاف مالينوفسكي التي تفترض أن كل عنصر في الثقافة يؤدّي وظيفة حيوية تضمن تماسك المجتمع واستمراريته، وأنَّ المؤسسات الاجتماعيّة تنشأ ويُعاد إنتاجها لتلبية الحاجات الأساسية للأفراد ضمن سياق ثقافيّ متكامل. في هذا الإطار النظريّ، تسعى الدراسة إلى تحليل رواية «دفاتر فارهو» للكاتبة العُمانية ليلى عبداللّه، بوصفها نصّاً سرديّاً يتفاعل مع البنية الثقافيّة ويُعيد تشكيلها عبر سردٍ اعترافيٍّ متعدّد الهويات يعكس واقع اللاجئين الأفارقة وتجاربهم المعقَّدة في الهجرة والانتماء. تتمحور إشكالية البحث حول كيفية توظيف السّياقات الثقافيّة في الرواية بوصفها أدوات بنائيّة تؤدّي وظائف اجتماعيّة ومعرفية، وتساهم في تشكيل الهوية الفردية والجماعية للشخصيات، وعلى رأسها شخصية فارهو. يهدف البحث إلى إبراز دور السّياقات الثقافيّة في بناء المعنى داخل النصّ الروائي، ويُوضّح كيف تُساهم هذه السّياقات في تأطير التجربة الإنسانيّة ضمن منظومة اجتماعيّة متكاملة تتجاوز التمثيل السرديّ إلى إنتاج معرفة ثقافيّة حول الآخر والمهمَّش والمنفيّ. وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفيّ التحليليّ، مستندةً إلى المفاهيم الأساسية للنظريّة البنائيّة الوظيفيّة، مثل الوظيفة الثقافيّة، والهوية، والتكامل الاجتماعيّ لفهم كيفية تفاعل العناصر السرديّة مع البنية الثقافيّة، وتحليل ديناميكيات التفاعل بين الفرد والمجتمع داخل النصّ. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن الرواية لا تكتفي بسرد معاناة اللاجئ، بل توظّف السّياقات الثقافيّة لفهم الواقع. وقد كشف التطبيق العملي عن تحوّلات جوهرية؛ إذ تحوّلت «الأمومة» إلى قوة عاملة ضرورية للأيض، هذا يُبرز دور الثقافة في تشكيل الشخصية، ويعزّز الوظيفة التفسيرية للنصّ، مؤكّداً قدرة الأدب على مساءلة البنى الاجتماعيّة من منظور أنثروبولوجي نقدي. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| النظریة الوظیفیة؛ مالینوفسکی؛ السّیاقات الثقافیة؛ دفاتر فارهو؛ لیلی عبد اللّه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Functions of Cultural Contexts in Laila Abdullah's Novel Farho's Notebooks: A Functionalist Analysis Based on Bronisław Malinowski's Theory | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Jamal Saedi Vafa1؛ Hadi Marvani2 | ||
| 1PhD in Arabic Language and Literature, Visiting Professor at Farhangian University, Khuzestan Province, Ahvaz, Iran. | ||
| 2Master's student in Arabic language education, Farhangian University, Khuzestan Province, Ahvaz, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This study is grounded in the structural-functionalist theory of the anthropologist Bronisław Malinowski, which posits that every element within a culture performs a vital function that ensures the cohesion and continuity of society, and that social institutions emerge and are reproduced to meet the fundamental needs of individuals within an integrated cultural context. Within this theoretical framework, the study analyzes the novel Farho’s Notebooks by the Omani writer Laila Abdullah as a narrative text that engages with cultural structures and reshapes them through a confessional, polyphonic narrative reflecting the realities of African refugees and their complex experiences of migration and belonging. The research problem centers on how cultural contexts are employed in the novel as structural mechanisms that perform social and cognitive functions and contribute to shaping both the individual and collective identities of the characters, particularly that of Farho. The study aims to highlight the role of cultural contexts in constructing meaning within the narrative and to demonstrate how these contexts frame human experience within an integrated social system that extends beyond narrative representation to the production of cultural knowledge about the Other, the marginalized, and the displaced. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach based on the core concepts of structural-functionalist theory, including cultural function, identity, and social integration, in order to examine how narrative elements interact with cultural structures and to analyze the dynamics between the individual and society within the text. The findings reveal that the novel does not merely recount the suffering of refugees; rather, it employs cultural contexts as interpretive frameworks for understanding reality. The analysis uncovers significant transformations. For example, motherhood is transformed into a functional force essential for survival, thereby underscoring the role of culture in shaping character and reinforcing the explanatory function of the text. Ultimately, the findings emphasize literature's capacity to interrogate social structures from a critical anthropological perspective. Keywords: Functionalist Theory; Malinowski; Cultural Contexts; Farho’s Notebooks; Laila Abdullah. Extended Summary 1.Introduction Laila Abdullah’s novel Farho’s Notebooks presents a richly layered anthropological landscape in which biological needs, cultural responses, and social institutions intersect within the precarious reality of displacement. In contexts characterized by migration, poverty, and institutional fragility, the functions of cultural systems become especially visible, making the novel a fertile site for the application of Bronisław Malinowski’s functionalist theory. Malinowski argues that every cultural practice, institution, and symbolic act emerges as a response to fundamental biological needs, including metabolism, reproduction, rest, safety, movement, growth, and health. These needs, however, are never fulfilled in isolation; rather, they are culturally mediated through organized social structures such as the family, work, education, and the community. This study argues that the narrative does not depict these needs as being adequately fulfilled. Instead, it reveals a persistent gap between biological necessity and institutional functionality—a gap intensified by the lived experiences of refugees, whose daily survival is shaped by scarcity, marginalization, and structural neglect. Through its portrayal of makeshift shelters, exhausting labor, fragile educational systems, and bodies continually threatened by illness and fatigue, the novel illustrates how cultural institutions—although intended to regulate and satisfy human needs—often fail under the pressures of displacement. These failures create conditions in which the characters resort to compensatory strategies, such as writing, emotional solidarity, and personal vigilance, in an effort to restore a sense of balance. Accordingly, this study approaches Farho’s Notebooks not merely as a narrative of suffering but as an ethnographic text that captures the tension between bodily vulnerability and cultural resilience. By applying Malinowski’s functionalist perspective, the study seeks to uncover the underlying cultural logics that structure the characters’ lived experiences and to demonstrate how the novel reconstructs human agency within a landscape marked by functional disruption. 2.Materials and Methods This study employs a qualitative analytical approach grounded in Bronisław Malinowski’s functionalist theory to examine the cultural contexts represented in Laila Abdullah’s Farho’s Notebooks. The research primarily relies on close textual analysis and thematic coding, focusing on how biological needs—including metabolism, reproduction, rest, safety, movement, growth, and health—are articulated within the narrative and how cultural institutions attempt, fail, or partially succeed in responding to them. The novel is treated simultaneously as both a literary and an anthropological text, thereby enabling a dual-layered analysis of narrative form and cultural function. The methodological framework consists of three interconnected procedures. First, key narrative scenes were identified and classified according to the biological needs outlined by Malinowski. This classification enabled a systematic examination of how each need is represented and contextualized within the refugee experience. Second, cultural responses—including work routines, educational practices, family roles, community norms, and symbolic acts—were analyzed to determine the extent to which they fulfill, modify, or hinder the satisfaction of these needs. Third, instances of functional disruption were examined to reveal how structural deficiencies within institutions—such as unstable housing, exploitative labor conditions, inadequate schooling, and limited access to healthcare—shape the lived experiences of the characters. The study adopts an interpretive approach that emphasizes the dialectical relationship between the body and culture. The data were derived exclusively from the narrative text itself and supported by relevant theoretical sources on functionalism. No interviews or fieldwork were conducted; rather, the novel is treated as a self-contained cultural document. This approach provides a nuanced understanding of how Abdullah reconstructs the sociocultural mechanisms of refugee life and exposes the tension between biological necessity and institutional efficacy. The reliability of the analysis is ensured through repeated cross-referencing of textual evidence with the principles of functionalism, thereby providing a coherent, systematic, and theoretically grounded interpretation. 3.Research Findings The analysis reveals that Farho’s Notebooks presents a multifaceted portrayal of biological needs and their cultural regulation, highlighting the profound functional disruptions that characterize refugee life. The findings indicate that the need for metabolism is primarily fulfilled through labor, particularly the strenuous and poorly compensated domestic work performed by mothers. Although physically exhausting, this labor represents a culturally structured strategy for securing food and shelter. Nevertheless, the instability of employment transforms this fundamental biological necessity into a source of existential anxiety. Reproduction emerges in the narrative not merely as a biological process but as an institutionally mediated challenge in which fragmented family structures and economic constraints impede the establishment of stable parental and social roles. Rest is portrayed as an elusive human need, frequently undermined by overcrowded shelters, hazardous living conditions, and persistent psychological stress. Safety, a fundamental need in Malinowski’s theoretical framework, is likewise consistently compromised. Broken glass, poorly lit pathways, and fragile community boundaries heighten the characters’ vulnerability and transform their environment into a space of constant threat. Movement is represented as both a biological necessity and an institutional function expressed through labor, education, and everyday routines. The father's long hours operating sewing machines and the children's disciplined journeys to school illustrate how bodily movement becomes embedded within economic and educational systems. Growth is reflected in the narrator’s premature psychological maturation, as the narrator "feels older than his age," illustrating how trauma accelerates developmental processes when institutional support collapses. Finally, health is represented through recurring conditions such as lice infestations and fevers, exposing the shortcomings of social hygiene and healthcare systems. Cultural responses to illness frequently take the form of moral judgment rather than appropriate care, thereby revealing the symbolic dimensions that shape perceptions of the body. Overall, the novel demonstrates that institutional structures—including the family, school, the workplace, and the community—often fail to satisfy fundamental human needs, creating an enduring tension between biological necessities and processes of cultural adaptation. 4.Discussion of Results and Conclusion The study concludes that Farho’s Notebooks offers a compelling functionalist interpretation of refugee life, in which unmet biological needs expose systemic dysfunctions within cultural institutions. In accordance with Bronisław Malinowski’s theory, fundamental human needs are expected to be fulfilled through organized social structures. However, the novel demonstrates that, under conditions of displacement, these structures become unstable, fragmented, or entirely dysfunctional. The family, traditionally responsible for providing care, support, and the transmission of cultural values, is burdened by economic precarity, compelling mothers to engage in exhausting labor while children assume responsibilities far beyond their years. The workplace, which is intended to provide economic security, instead becomes a site of exhaustion and vulnerability, incapable of ensuring a stable livelihood. Likewise, the educational system, expected to facilitate socialization and personal development, suffers from poor quality, high failure rates, and administrative neglect, revealing a profound institutional breakdown. Despite these structural deficiencies, the narrative underscores the resilience of cultural practices. Writing emerges as a symbolic institution that compensates for institutional failure, enabling the narrator to reconstruct identity and maintain psychological equilibrium. Acts of solidarity, such as visiting the sick and sharing responsibilities, illustrate the emergence of micro-level cultural responses that seek to fill the void left by dysfunctional institutions. The discussion demonstrates that, within the context of displacement, culture functions simultaneously as both a source of suffering and a mechanism of survival. While institutional failures intensify human vulnerability, cultural creativity and interpersonal solidarity provide alternative means of addressing unmet needs. Ultimately, the novel illustrates that survival in precarious environments is not merely a biological struggle but also a cultural one. Individuals continuously reinterpret, negotiate, and reconstruct their needs within unstable social structures. In doing so, the narrative reconfigures functionalist theory by demonstrating that when major institutions fail, cultural life does not collapse; rather, it adapts and transforms, generating new forms of agency, resilience, and symbolic resistance. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Functionalist Theory, Malinowski, Cultural Contexts, Farho’s Notebooks, Laila Abdullah | ||
| مراجع | ||
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قائمة المصادر والمراجع أولاً: المصادر العربيّة أ. الكتب
ب: المجلات
ج: المواقع الإلكترونية
ثالثاً: المصادر الإنجليزيّة:
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 285 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 29 |
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