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Mathematical Modelling of Heat Transfer in Composite-Based Furnace Walls with Variable Thermal Conductivity under Hybrid Heat Source | ||
| Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Research | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 19 خرداد 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: Review Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22075/jhmtr.2026.38320.1782 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Akpaduado Friday John* 1؛ Frank Sabbih2 | ||
| 1Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Lehigh University, 27 Memorial Drive West, Bethlehem, PA, USA. | ||
| 2Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 22 تیر 1404، تاریخ بازنگری: 30 اردیبهشت 1405، تاریخ پذیرش: 19 خرداد 1405 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| A furnace is used in domestic heating and in industrial operations such as forging, annealing, and melting. A composite based furnace equipped with insulation and a hybrid heat source enhances thermal regulation and energy efficiency. This study models the governing heat transfer equations across composite furnace walls and applies MATLAB to transform and solve them. All surface heat equations were formulated using fundamental heat transfer principles. The nonlinear equations within the composite layers were numerically implemented in MATLAB using an explicit scheme and corresponding thermal conductivities to simulate temperature distributions. Results showed that the dimensionless heat flux, q ˉ, increased nonlinearly with furnace temperature, θ_i. The heat flux rose rapidly from approximately 0 to 0.35 as θ_i increased from 1 to 3, representing nearly 70 % of the attainable heat flux within the lower operating range. However, beyond θ_i≈5, only marginal increases in heat flux were observed, indicating increasing insulation effectiveness and thermal resistance. The convection surface temperature, θ_s, and insulation interface temperature, θ_in, both increased nonlinearly before gradually approaching stable values at higher furnace temperatures. Specifically, θ_s increased by about 25 %, while θ_in increased by approximately 67 %. Results further revealed strong thermal attenuation across the composite wall. For θ_i=3, the temperature reduced by about 52 % across the wall thickness, while for θ_i=6, approximately 75 % temperature reduction was achieved, demonstrating the effectiveness of the insulation layer in limiting heat penetration and reducing thermal losses. The authors recommend that future studies focus on increasing the composite wall to enhance temperature distribution across the furnace layers. Insulation in a composite-based furnace should be encouraged. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Composite-based furnace؛ Thermal conductivity؛ Hybrid (convection and radiation) heat source؛ Insulation؛ MATLAB | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Mathematical Modelling of Heat Transfer in Composite-Based Furnace Walls with Variable Thermal Conductivity under Hybrid Heat Source | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| A furnace is used in domestic heating and in industrial operations such as forging, annealing, and melting. A composite based furnace equipped with insulation and a hybrid heat source enhances thermal regulation and energy efficiency. This study models the governing heat transfer equations across composite furnace walls and applies MATLAB to transform and solve them. All surface heat equations were formulated using fundamental heat transfer principles. The nonlinear equations within the composite layers were numerically implemented in MATLAB using an explicit scheme and corresponding thermal conductivities to simulate temperature distributions. Results showed that the dimensionless heat flux, q ˉ, increased nonlinearly with furnace temperature, θ_i. The heat flux rose rapidly from approximately 0 to 0.35 as θ_i increased from 1 to 3, representing nearly 70 % of the attainable heat flux within the lower operating range. Beyond θ_i≈5, marginal increases in heat flux were observed, indicating increasing insulation effectiveness and thermal resistance. The convection surface temperature, θ_s, and insulation interface temperature, θ_in, both increased nonlinearly before gradually approaching stable values at higher furnace temperatures. Results further revealed strong thermal attenuation across the composite wall. For θ_i=3, the temperature reduced by about 52 % across the wall thickness, while for θ_i=6, approximately 75 % temperature reduction was achieved, demonstrating the effectiveness of the insulation layer in limiting heat penetration and reducing thermal losses. The authors recommend that future studies focus on increasing the composite wall to enhance temperature distribution across the furnace layers. Insulation in a composite-based furnace should be encouraged. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Composite-based furnace, Thermal conductivity, Hybrid (convection and radiation) heat source, Insulation, MATLAB | ||
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