پیوندهای مفید
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 21 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 697 |
| تعداد مقالات | 10,088 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 71,226,959 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 62,957,286 |
مدل سازی پیامد انتشار کلر از مخزن ذخیره به کمک داده های میدانی | ||
| مدل سازی در مهندسی | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 12، شماره 38، آذر 1393، صفحه 15-25 اصل مقاله (611.39 K) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22075/jme.2017.1676 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی پروینی* ؛ المیرا قراگوزلو | ||
| دانشگاه سمنان | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 09 بهمن 1395، تاریخ بازنگری: 27 شهریور 1396، تاریخ پذیرش: 09 بهمن 1395 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کلر و ترکیبات آن از مواد پرمصرف در صنعت میباشد و برای تولید طیف وسیعی از محصولات به وجود این ماده شیمیایی نیاز است. کلر عنصری است که در پوسته ی زمین و اقیانوس ها وجود دارد و یک ماده ی قوی و خورنده است. از این رو این ماده شیمیایی می تواند سبب ساز وقایع بسیار فاجعه باری گردد. در آمریکا، کلر پس از منواکسید کربن دومین ماده خطرناک از لحاظ میزان حادثه و جراحت می باشد. یکی از مهم ترین مطالعات میدانی که اخیرا در زمینه کلر در امریکا انجام شده، سری آزمایش هایی موسوم به جک رابیت می باشد که به منظور تهیه داده های ضروری و پایه جهت تخمین پیامدهای حاصل از انتشار گازهای سنگینی مثل کلر و آمونیاک طراحی و اجرا شده است. این آزمایشات در سال 2010 در ناحیه ای بیابانی در داگ وی در ایالت اوتاه آمریکا انجام گرفت. در این مقاله ، مدلسازی انتشار کلر از مخزن مورد آزمایش انجام و آثار ایمنی و بهداشتی آن مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. نواحی پر مخاطره، پهنای ابر تشکیل شده و احتمال مرگ در مناطق مختلف از نتایج مدلسازی میباشد. ضمنا انطباق قابل قبولی بین نتایج تجربی و خروجیهای مدل قابل مشاهده میباشد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| مدلسازی انتشار؛ کلر؛ آزمایش جک رابیت؛ انتشار | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Consequence modeling for chlorine release of a storage tank with the field experiment data | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mehdi Parvini؛ Elmira Gharagouzlou | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Chlorine and its compounds are widely used in industries and they are needed to produce lots of materials. This element that is abundant in the Earthâs crust and oceans, the powerful, corrosive substance is considered essential to an array of products. Thus, these chemicals could be causing catastrophic events. It should be noted that in the United States, It is second only to carbon monoxide when it comes to the percentage of accidents that cause injuries. One of the important recent efforts that were carried out was Jack Rabbit field experiment. It was organized in order to generate essential data to improve estimations of consequences of dense gas releases like chlorine and ammonia. It took place in 2010 at Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, USA. In this paper, chlorine release from the tank in this trial has been modeled and also health and safety effects have been evaluated. Hazardous areas, the width of the cloud and probability of fatality in several areas are the results of modeling. Also a good conformity between experimental results and model outputs could be observed. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Consequence modeling, Chlorine, release, Jack Rabbit, PHAST | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1] Eurochlor (2001).Chlorine Industry Review, Euro Chlor ed., Brussels, 20pp. [2] SHD (Syndicat des Haloge`nes et De´rive´ s). (2002). Le chlore, 5e`me e´ d., Syndicat des Haloge`nes et De´rive´ s ed., Paris: 249pp.The chlorine institute. In Chlorine: Effects on health and the environment (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: The Chlorine Institute, Inc 8pp. [3] International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) (1996). Chlorine. Poisons Information Monograph. PIM 947.
[4] P.L. Tanaka, D.A. Allen, E.C. McDonald-Buller, S. Chang, Y. Kimura, C.B. Mullins, G. Yarwood, J.D. Neece, Development of a chlorine mechanism for use in the carbon bond IV chemistry model, J. Geophy. Res. 108 (2003), doi:10.1029/2002JD002432, 13 pages. [5] A. Dandrieux-Bony, J.-P. Dimbour, G. Dusserre., A simple model for calculating chlorine concentrations behind a water spray in case of small releases, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 18, (2005), 245–253. [6] John D. Hearn, Richard Weber, Robert Nichols, Michael V. Henley, Shannon Fox, Deposition of Cl2 on soils during outdoor releases, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 252– 253, (2013), 107– 114. [7] M.B. Dillon, The role of deposition in limiting the hazard extent of dense gas plumes, J. Hazard. Mater. 164 (2009) 1293–1303. [8] S.R. Hanna, O.R. Hansen, M. Ichard, D.G. Strimaitis, CFD model simulations of dispersion from chlorine railcar releases in industrial and urban areas, Atmos. Environ. 43, (2009), 262–270. [9] J.P. Dimbour , A. Dandrieux, G. Dusserre, Reduction of chlorine concentrations by using a greenbelt, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 15, (2002), 329–334. [10] A. Dandrieux, J.P. Dimbour, G. Dusserre, Are dispersion models suitable for simulating small gaseous chlorine releases?, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 19, (2006), 683–689. ]11[ جواد عدل، ایرج محمد فام، زینب السادات نظام الدینی، ارزیابی خطر نشت گاز کلر در ایستگاه های کلرزنی سیستم آب آشامیدنی شهر تهران با روش تجزیه تحلیل درخت خطا، مجله ی علمی پزشکی. دوره 6، شماره 4، زمستان 1386. ]12[ سید باقر مرتضوی، مجید پارسا راد، حسن اصیلیان مهابادی، علی خوانین، بررسی انتشار گاز کلر از مخازن ذخیره به منظور تدوین برنامه ی واکنش در شرایط اضطراری در یک صنعت پتروشیمی، مجله ی سلامت کار ایران. دوره 8، شماره 3، پاییز 1390. [13] Biswajit Ruj, Pradip Kumar Chatterjee, Toxic release of chlorine and off-site emergency scenario - A case study, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 25, (2012), 650-653. [14] E.Y. Sanchez, J.E. Colman Lerner, A. Porta, P.M. Jacovkis, Accidental release of chlorine in Chicago: Coupling of an exposure model with a Computational Fluid Dynamics model, Atmospheric Environment. 64, (2013), 47-55. [15] Francesco Ganci, Andrea Carpignano, Nicola Mattei, Marco Nicola Carcassi, Hydrogen release and atmospheric dispersion: Experimental studies and comparison with parametric simulations, international journal o f hydrogen energy. 36, (2011), 2445-2454. [16] Mohammad Javad Jafari, Esmaeil Zarei, Naser Badri, The quantitative risk assessment of a hydrogen generation unit, international journal of hydrogen energy. 37, (2012), 19241-19249. [17] Henk W.M. Witlox, Jan Stene, Mike Harper, Sandra Hennie Nilsen, Modelling of discharge and atmospheric dispersion for carbon dioxide releases including sensitivity analysis for wide range of scenarios, Energy Procedia, 4, (2011), 2253–2260. [18] S.E. Gant, A. Kelsey, K. McNally, H.W.M. Witlox, M. Bilio, Methodology for global sensitivity analysis of consequence models, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 26, (2013), 792-802. [19] Steven Hanna, Rex Britter , Edward Argenta, Joseph Chang. The Jack Rabbit chlorine release experiments: Implications of dense gas removal from a depression and downwind concentrations, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 213-214, (2012), 406-412. [20] Timothy J. Bauer. Comparison of chlorine and ammonia concentration field trial data with calculated results from a Gaussian atmospheric transport and dispersion model, Journal of Hazardous Materials 254– 255 (2013) 325– 335. [21] Steven Hanna, David G. Strimaitis, Joseph C. Chang. Evaluation of fourteen hazardous gas models with ammonia and hydrogen fluoride field data, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 26 (1991) 127-158. [22] Woodward, J.L, Papadourakis, A., Reassessment and reevaluation of rainout and drop size correlation for an aerosol jet, Journal of hazardous material 44, pp. 209-230, (1995). [23] Woodward, J.L, Aerosol drop size correlation and corrected rainout data using models of drop evaporation, International Conference and workshop on modeling and mitigating the accidental releases of hazardous material, CCPS Conference, New Orleans, LA, September, 26-29, pp. 117-148, (1995). [24] Woodward, J.L, Cook, J., and Papadourakis, A., Modeling and validation of a dispersion aerosol jet, Journal of hazardeous materials 44, pp. 185-207, (1995). [25] Cook, J. and Woodward, J.L., Further development of the Unified Dispersion Model, Symposium on Loss prevention in the Process Industry, Brussels, Belgium (1995). [26] Woodward, J.L, Cook, J., Modelling of dispersion with seamless transition in entrainment mechanism, edge profile and touchdown with the Unified Dispersion Model, AIChE meeting, seattle, WA, august 14-19, (1993). [27] Cook, J. and Woodward, J.L., A new unified model for jet, dense, passive and buoyant dispersion including droplet evaporation and pool modeling, International Conference and Exhibition on safety, Health and loss perevention in the Oil, Chemical and Process Industries, Singapore, February 15- 19,(1993). [28] Woodward, J.L, Cook, J., Turning a complex suite of dispersion models, International Conference and workshop on modeling and mitigating the accidental releases of hazardous material, CCPS Conference, New Orleans, LA, September 26-29, pp. 787-824, (1995). [29] Businger, J.A., J.C. Wyngaard, Y. Izumi, E.F. Bradey. Flux-profile relationships in the atmospheric surface layer, J Atmos. Sci, 28,pp. 181-189 (1971). [30] Dryer, A.J, B.B. Hicks, Flux gradient relationships in the constant flux layer, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc, 96, pp. 715-721 (1970). [31] Lo, A.K., G.A. Mcbean, 1978, On the relative errors in methods of flux calculation, J Applied Meteorology, 17, pp. 1704-1711 (1978). [32] DNV Software PHAST, Version 6.0. DNV, (2000). [33] CCPS, “Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis”, 2nd Edition, New York, Center for Chemical Process Safety, (2000). [34] Hanna S., Dharmavaram S., Zhang J., Sykeo I., Witlox H., Khajenajafi Sh., Koslan K., Comparison of six widely-used dense gas dispersion models for three recent chlorine railcar accidents, Process Safety Progress, 3, pp. 248-259, (2008)
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,620 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 837 |
||