پیوندهای مفید
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 22 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 705 |
| تعداد مقالات | 10,146 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 71,450,494 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 63,173,982 |
ارائه مدلی به منظور ارزیابی خسارت لرزه ای خطوط لوله مدفون سوخت شهر کرمانشاه | ||
| مدل سازی در مهندسی | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 13، شماره 41، شهریور 1394، صفحه 27-45 اصل مقاله (1.46 M) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22075/jme.2017.1725 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| بابک امیدوار؛ محمد اسکندری* ؛ مهرداد نعیمی نصفی | ||
| دانشگاه تهران | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 09 بهمن 1395، تاریخ بازنگری: 27 شهریور 1396، تاریخ پذیرش: 09 بهمن 1395 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| شبکه خطوط لوله مدفون انتقال سوخت یکی از مهمترین شریانها در زندگی شهری محسوب می شوند و نقش کلیدی در افزایش و کاهش خسارتهای ناشی از زلزله دارند. شهر کرمانشاه دارای سه خط انتقال نفت خام و فرآورده های نفتی به پالایشگاه اصلی این شهر از مراکز انتقال خارج از شهر (نفت شهر و تنگه فنی) می-باشد، که از آنجا فرآورده های نفتی به پایانه نفتی شهر سنندج منتقل میشود. به منظور انجام برآورد خسارت لرزهای خطوط لوله مدفون سوخت شهر کرمانشاه، از طریق مشخصات و اطلاعات اجزای مختلف شبکه، ابتدا از طریق روابط کاهندگی مربوط به این منطقه، پارامترهای لرزهخیزی منطقه (PGA و PGV)، بر اساس دو سناریوی زلزلۀ محتمل تعیین میشود. سپس با استفاده از روابط نرخ تعمیر (Repair Rate)، به تخمین خسارت خطوط لوله پرداخته میشود. پس از آن به آنالیز پیامد رهایش مواد نفتی موجود در خطوط لوله پرداخته میشود. در این تحقیق توزیع احتمال برای مساحت منطقه تحت تاثیر آتش و انفجار، تعداد جمعیت در معرض آتش و انفجار و تعداد واحدهای در معرض آتش و انفجار پس از زلزله از طریق روش شبیهسازی مونته -کارلو مشخص شده است. تمام مراحل تحلیل خسارت خطوط لوله مدفون شهر، در زبان برنامهنویسی محیط GIS نوشته شده است. برای توصیف بهتر نتایج خروجی به ترسیم نمودارهای فراوانی تجمعی و توابع توزیع احتمال هر یک از خروجیها پرداخته شده است. به طور خلاصه آسیب وارده بر خطوط لوله سوخت شهر کرمانشاه در این تحقیق برای سناریو اول، 17 نشت، 4 شکست و 21 اشتعال و برای سناریو دوم، 4 نشت، یک شکست و دو اشتعال میباشد. هدف از این مقاله ارائه الگوریتم کارا برای تحلیل خسارت لرزهای خطوط لوله مدفون و شروع آتش سوزی در اثر خسارت وارده به این زیرساخت میباشد. الگوریتم پیشنهادی برای شهر کرمانشاه به عنوان مطالعه موردی به کار گرفته شده است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| خطوط لوله؛ نشت؛ شکست؛ اشتعال؛ شبیه سازی مونت کارلو | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Provide a model for the seismic damage Assessment to buried fuel pipelines in Kermanshah | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Babak Omidvar؛ Mohammad Eskandari؛ Mehrdad Naeimi | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Fuel pipeline systems are one of the most important lifelines in city and have a key role in increase and decrease of damages and vulnerability to earthquake. Kermanshah has three lines for transferring oil products and crude oil into the main refinery of the city from two transfer centers out of the city, Naftshahr and Tange Fanni, from which oil products are transferred to the terminal facilities in Sanandaj. This paper, In order to assess the seismic damage to buried fuel pipelines of Kermanshah with the help of characteristics and information of network components, PGA and PGV values are initially determined for two probable scenario earthquakes in the study area, using the attenuation relations of the same area. Then, using the repair rate relations, damage to pipelines is estimated. The probability distribution function for the area, the population and the number of houses exposed to fire and explosion after the earthquake are calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation method through numerous repetitions All the steps of damage assessment for buried pipelines were written in a GIS environment. In order to give a better description of the output results, the probability distribution functions for each output are provided. In summary, the damage inflicted on the fuel pipelines of Kermanshah is equal to 17 leaks, 4 breaks and 21 ignitions for scenario 1 and 4 leaks, 1 break and 1 ignition for scenario 2. The purpose of this paper, an efficient algorithm present is for seismic damage analyze of buried fuel pipelines and simulating fire ignition and explosion in urban areas. The proposed algorithm for the city of Kermanshah has been used as a case study. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Pipeline, Leak, Break, Ignition, Monte Carlo simulation | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
5- ]1[ شرکت خطوط لوله و مخابرات ایران، (1389)، "مسیر خط لوله در داخل و خارج شهر کرمانشاه"، کاتالوگ مخصوص شرکت خطوط لوله و مخابرات ایران. ]2[ سازمان مسکن و شهر کرمانشاه، (1388)، "نقشه محدودیت توسعه شهر کرمانشاه"، پروژه طرح جامع شهر کرمانشاه، شرکت مهندسین مشاور طرح و آمایش. ]3[ اسکندری، محمد، (1389)، کارشناسی ارشد، "برآورد خسارت لرزهای خطوط لوله مدفون سوخت - مطالعه موردی شهر کرمانشاه"، دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران. [4] Lee, S W., and Davidson, R A., (1995), “Review of forest, compartment, and wild land-urban interface fire modeling and their relation to fire following earthquake models”, Proceedings of the 8th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering April 18-22,San Francisco, California, USA, Paper No1995. [5] Scawthorn, C. and O’Rourke, T.D., (1989), “Effects of Ground Failure on Water Supply and Fire Following Earthquake: The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake,” in Proc. 2nd U.S.-Japan Workshop on Large Ground Deformation, July, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo, NY. [6] Wai-Fah, Chen. and Scawthorn, C., (2003), Chapter 29 : “Fire Following Earthquake, EarthquakeEngineering Handbook”,pp29-1&29-65, CRC Press LRC. [7] Davison, C., (1931), “The Japanese earthquake of 1923”, Thomas Murby & Co., London. [8] Freeman, J.R., (1932), “Earthquake damage and earthquake insurance.”, 1st edition, McGraw Hill Book Company, N.Y. [9] FEMA - 233, (1992), “Earthquake Resistant Construction of Gas and Liquid Fuel Pipeline Systems Serving or Regulated by, the Federal Government” Earthquake Hazard Reduction Series 67, Federal Emergency Management Agency. [10] Hulyalkar.N, (1988), “Effect of Earthquake on Barauni Refinery on 21st August, 1988”, Workshop on Bihar Nepal Earthquake of August 21, 1988, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 28–29 December 1988. [11] Papadakis.G, Porter.S, (1996), “Lessons learned on pipeline accidents, Proceedings of OECD Workshop on pipelines, Oslo. [12] Hamada, M. and O’Rourke, T.D., (1992), “Large Ground Deformations and Their Effects on Lifelines,” Japanese Case Studies of Liquefaction and Lifeline Performance During Past Earthquakes, Vol. 1, Technical report NCEER-92-0001, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo, New York. [13] Hamada, M. and O’Rourke, T.D., (1992), “Large Ground Deformations and Their Effects on Lifelines,” Japanese Case Studies of Liquefaction and Lifeline Performance During Past Earthquakes, Vol. 1, Technical report NCEER-92-0001, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo, New York. [14] Ariman, T., and Teoman, (1984), “Behaviour of Buried Pipelines under Large Ground Deformations in Earthquakes”, Proc. of US-Japan Workshop on Seismic Behaviour of Buried Pipelines and Telecommunications Systems, Tsukuba City, Japan [15] McCaffery, M.A. and O’Rourke, T.D., (1983), “Buried Pipeline Response to Reverse Faulting During the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake”, Proc. of Symposium on Lifeline Earthquake Engg., Earthquake Behaviour and Safety of Oil and Gas Storage Facilities, Buried Pipelines and Equipment, PVP-Vol. 77, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. [16] Wong, K. C., Shah, A. H., Datta, S. K., (1986), “Three Dimensional Motion of Buried Pipeline.” J. Eng. Mech. ASCE 112, 1319-1348. [17] Suresh.R and Sudhir.K, (2008), “An overview of seismic considerations of buried pipelines”, Journal of Structural Engineering No. 34-34 Vol. 34, No. 5, December 2007-January 2008 pp. 349–359. [18] Borden, F.W., (1996), “The 1994 Northridge earthquake and the fires that followed”, 13th meeting of the UJNR panel on fire research and safety. [19] Chen.WW, Shih.BJ, Wu.CW, Chen.YC, (2000), “Natural gas pipeline system damages in the Ji-Ji earthquake (The City of Nantou)” In: Proc of the 6th international conf on seismic zonation, 2000. [20] Goltz, J.D., (1994), “The Northridge, California earthquake of jan.17.1994”, general reconnaissance report, NCEER. [21] Jeon, O’Rourke, (2005), “Northridge earthquake effects on pipelines and residential buildings”, Bull Seismol Soc Am, 95_1_, 294–318. [22] O’Rourke, M. and Deyoe, (2004), “Seismic damage to segmented buried pipe”, Earthquake Spectra, 20_4_, 1167-1183. [23] Strand, C.L., (1997), “Seismic Monitoring and Actuation”, Strand Earthquake Consultants, CA, USA, http://www.strandearthquake.com/ Oct. 02, 2005. [24] Strand, L. C., (1994), “Performance of Gas Shutoff Valves and the Occurrence of Gas-Related Fires and Gas Leaks During the Northridge Earthquake, with an Update on Legislation”, Proc. of the NEHRP Conf. and Workshop on Research on the Northridge, California Earthquake of January 17. [25] Trifunac, M. D. and Todorovska M. I. (1997), “Northridge, California, Earthquake of 1994: Density of Pipe Breaks and Surface Strains”, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 16, pp. 193-207. [26] EERI; Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, (1995), “Northridge Earthquake Reconnaissance ReportVol. 1”, Earthquake Spectra, Supplement to Vol.11, April, 1995. [27] Comartin, C.D., Greene, M., Tubbesing, S.K. (1995), “The Hyogo-Ken Nanbu Earthquake; January 17, 1995, Preliminary Reconnaissance report”, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI). [28] EQE International, (1995), “EQE summary report for The 1995 Kobe earthquake”, January 1995. [29] Somerville, P., (1995), “The January 17, 1995 Hyogo Ken Nanbu earthquake – geosciences and geotechnical aspects.”,WoodWard Clyde Federal Services, California. [30] Suzuki, N., Masayoshi, K., Endo, S., Yoshikawa, M., Muraoka, R., and Arakawa, T., (2001), “NK-Hiper Provides High Performance to Resist Earthquake-induced Ground Motion”, NKK Technical Review No. 84, Japan Fe Engineering (JFE) Steel Corporation, Japan, pp. 36–43. [31] Masson, Pineau, Tritsch, (2000),“Concequenses of Izmit (Kochali) earthquake (turkey, august 17, 1999) on industrial plants”, INERIS, Parc technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550, 2000. [32] Scawthorn, C., (1999), “Lifeline damage and fire: Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake. ”, http://www.mceer .buffalo.edu. ]33[ سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان کرمانشاه، (1388)، "گزارش وضعیت زمینشناسی، جمعیتی منطقه کرمانشاه"، http://www.kermanshah.maj.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=1&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=fa-IR, Accessed 19 July 2010.. [34] SCI (Statistics Center of Iran) (2008). The comparison of population and social quality of areas of Kermanshah based on 2006 census (in Persian). [35] Airport Weather Guide, (2008), "Kermanshah Airport Weather Guide", Retrieved 2008-04-04. [36] Weather base, (2007), "Weather base: Historical Weather for Kermanshah, Iran", Retrieved 2008-04-04. ]37[ سازمان برنامه ریزی و طراحی شهر کرمانشاه، (1388)، "نقشه کاربری شهر کرمانشاه"، شهرداری کرمانشاه. [38] Zaré, M. (1999). “Contribution a' L' Etude Des Mouvements Forts en Iran: Du Catalogue Aux Lois d' Attenuations”, Ph.D. Thesis Universite' Joseph-Fourier, Grenoble, France, 237p. [39] Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), (1999), “Chapter 8, HAZUS99-SR2 Technical Manual, FEMA, Washington D.C”. [40] RISK-UE, (2003), "An advanced approach to earthquake risk scenarios with applications to different European towns, WP4: Vulnerability of current pipelines", European Project. [41] DNV Technical, 2008, “PHAST V.6.5 Operating Manual”, February 2008. [42] PHAST User manual, (2008),“Process Heating Assessment and Survey Tool PHAST 2.0,” February 2008. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,459 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,672 |
||