Geocell Reinforced Slope Behavior under Seismic Loading Using Calibrated Hypoplastic Soil Constitutive Model

[1] Arvin, M. R., Zakeri, A., and Shoorijeh, M. B. (2019). ''Using finite element strength reduction method for stability analysis of geocell-reinforced slopes.'' Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 37(3), 1453-1467.

[2] ASTM D5311 (2013) Standard test methods for load controlled cyclic triaxial strength of soil, United States.

[3] ASTM D2435 (2004) Standard test methods for one-dimensional consolidation properties of soils, United States.

[4] ASTM D7181

[5] Bathurst R.J., and Crow, R.E. (1992). ''Recent case histories of flexible geocell retaining walls in North America.'' In: Tatsuoka F, Leschinsky, D. (eds). Proceedings of conference on recent case histories of permanent geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining walls, Tokoyo, 3-20.

[6] Bauer, E. (1996). ''Calibration of comprehensive hypoplastic model for granular materials.'' Soils and Foundation, 36, 13-26.

[7] Bilotta, E., Lanzano, G., Madabhushi, S.P.G., and Silvestri, F. (2014). ''A nuemerical round robin on tunnels under seismic actions.'' Acta Geotechnica, 9(4), 563-579.

[8] Chen, R.H., and Chiu, Y.M. (2008). ''Model tests of geocell retaining structures.'' Geotext. and Geomembr. 26, 56-70.  

[9] Chen, R.H., Huang, Y.W., and Huang, F.C. (2013). ''Confinement effect of geocells on sand samples under triaxial compression.' Geotext. and Geomembr. 37, 35-44.

[10] Dai, Z., Zhang, M., Yang, L., and Zhu, H., (2018). ''Model tests on performance of embankment reinforced with geocell under static and cyclic loading.'' Proceedings of GeoShanghai International Conference: Ground Improvement and Geosynthetics, 399-410.

[11] Dash, S.K., Sireesh, S., and Sitharam, T.G., (2003). ''Model studies on circular footing supported on geocell reinforced sand underlain by soft clay.'' Geotextiles and Geomembranes 21 (4), 197-219.

[12] Gudehus, G. (1994). “A Comprehensive Constitutive Equation for Granular Materials.” Soils and Foundation 36(1), 1–12.

[13] Kazemian, T., and Arvin, M. R. (2019). ''Three-dimensional stability of locally loaded geocell-reinforced slopes by strength reduction method.'' Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 14(3), 185-201.

[14] Kianoush, M.R., and Ghaemmaghami, A.R. (2011). ''The effect of earthquake frequency content on the seismic behavior of concrete rectangular liquid tanks using the finite element method incorporating soil-structure interaction.'' Eng. Struct. 33, 186-200.

[15] Kolymbas, D., Herle, I., and Von Wolffersdorff, P.A. (1994). ''Hypoplastic constitutive equation with internal variables.'' Int. J. Numer. Anal. Met. 19, 415-36.

[16] Krishnaswamy, N.R., Rajagopal, K., and Latha, G., (2000). ''Model studies on geocell supported embankments constructed over a soft clay foundation.'' Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM 23, 45-54.

[17] Lanzano, G., Bilotta, E., Russo, G., and Silvestri, F. (2014). “Experimental and Numerical Study on Circular Tunnels under Seismic Loading.” European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering 19 (5), 539– 563.

[18] Latha, G.M., and Rajagopal, K., (2007). ''Parametric finite element analyses of geocell supported embankments.'' Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 44 (8), 917-927.

[19] Latha, G.M., Dash, S.K., and Rajagopal, K., (2008). ''Equivalent continuum simulations of geocell reinforced sand beds supporting strip footings.'' Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 26, 387-398.

[20] Latha, G.M., and Manju, G.S. (2018). ''Seismic response of geocell retaining walls through shaking table tests.'' Int. J. of Geosynth. and Ground Eng. 2(7), 1-15.

[21] Leshchinsky, B., and Ling, H.I., (2013a). ''Effects of geocell confinement on strength and deformation behavior of gravel.' Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 139 (2), 340-352.

[22] Ling, H.I., Leshchinsky, D., Wang, J.P., Mohri, Y., and Rosen, A., (2009). ''Seismic response of geocell retaining walls: experimental studies''. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE 135(4), 515-524.

[23] Masin, D. (2019). ''Modeling of soil behavior with Hypoplasticity: Another Approach to soil constitutive modeling.'' Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering.

[24] .Mehdipour, I., Ghazavi, M., and Moayed, R.Z., (2013). ''Numerical study on stability analysis of geocell reinforced slopes by considering the bending effect.'' Geotext. and Geomembr., 37, 23-34.

[25] Mehdipour, I., Ghazavi, M., and Moayed, R.Z., (2017). ''Stability analysis of geocell reinforced slopes using the limit equilibrium horizontal slice method.'' Int. J. Geomech., 06017007, 1-15.

[26] Mohammadi-Haji B., and Ardakani A. (2018). ''Numerical prediction of circular tunnel seismic behavior using hypoplastic soil constitutive model.'' Int J Geotech Eng. 1-14.

[27] Mohammadi-Haji B., and Ardakani A. (2020). ''Performance based analysis of tunnel under seismic events with nonlinear features of soil mass and lining.'' Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 134, 1-15.

[28] Song, F., Liu, H., Hu, H., and Xie, Y., (2018).  ''Centrifuge tests on geocell reinforced retaining walls at limit equilibrium.'' J. Geotech. Geoenvriron. Eng. 144(3): 04018005, 1-13.

[29] Song F., Tian Y. H. (2019). “Three-dimensional numerical modelling of geocell reinforced soils and its practical application.” Geomechanics and Engineering, 17(1):1-9.

[30] Von Wolffersdorff, P.A. (1996). ''A hypoplastic relation for granular materials with a predefined limit state surface.'' Mech. Cohesive Frict. Mater, 12, 51-71.

[31] Wu, W., and Kolymbas, D. (1990). '' Numerical testing of the stability criterion for hypoplastic constitutive equations.'' Mechanics of Materials, 9(3), 245-253.

[32] Wu, W., and Bauer, E. (1994). ''A simple hypoplastic constitutive model for sand.'' International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 18(12), 833-862.

[33] Wu, W., and Kolymbas, D. (2000). ''Hypoplasticity then and now.'' Constitutive modelling of granular materials, 57-105.

[34] Zhao, M.H., Zhang, L., Zou, X.J. and Zhao, H., (2009). ''Research progress in two-direction composite foundation formed by geocell reinforced mattress and gravel piles.'' Chinese Journal of Highway and Transport 22(1), 1-10.