Fabrication of multi-layer antireflection coating consisting of ZnS and MgF2

[1] R. Zarei Moghadam, H. Ahmadvand, M. Jannesari, Design 
and fabrication of multi-layers infrared antireflection 
coating consisting of ZnS and Ge on ZnS substrate, 
Infrared Phys. Technol. 75 (2016) 18-21.
[2] B. Gandham, R. Hill, H.A. Macleod, M. Bowden, 
Antireflection coatings on solar cells, Sol. Cells. 1 
(1979) 3–22.
[3] A. Uzum, M. Kuriyama, H. Kanda, Y. Kimura, Sprayed and 
spin-coated multilayer antireflection coating films for 
nonvacuum processed crystalline silicon solar cells, 
Int. J. Photoenergy. 2 (2017) 1-5.
[4] J.W. Leem, D.H. Jun, J. Heo, W.K. Park, J.H. Park, Singlematerial zinc sulfide bilayer antireflection coatings for 
GaAs solar cells, J. Opt. Express 21 (2013) 821–828.
[6] N. Kaiser, Review of the fundamentals of thin-film 
growth, Appl. Opt. 41 (2002) 3053–3060.
[7] L. Abelmann, C. Lodder, Oblique evaporation and 
surface diffusion, Thin Solid Films. 305 (1997) 1–21.
[8] R. Swanepoel, Determination of the thickness and 
optical constants of amorphous silicon, J. Phys. E. 16 
(1983) 1214.
[9] M. H. Maleki, H. R. Dizaji, A. Ghorbani, Improving AntiReflection MgF2 Thin Films by Laser Shock Peening 
and Investigation of its Laser Damage Threshold, J. 
Appl. Spectrosc. 82 (2015) 58-62. 
[10] M. Gholizadeh, R. Zarei Moghadam, A.A. Mohammadi,
M.H. Ehsani, H. Rezagholipour Dizaji, Design and 
fabrication of MgF2 single-layer antireflection coating 
by glancing angle deposition, Mater. Res. Innov. 24 
(2020) 442-446.
[11] M.H. Ehsani, R.Z. Moghadam, H.R. Dizaji, P. Kameli, 
Surface modification of ZnS films by applying an 
external magnetic field in vacuum chamber, Mater Res 
Express. 4 (2017) 096408. 
[12] N. Tajik, M.H. Ehsani, R.Z. Moghadam, H.R. Dizaji, Effect 
of GLAD technique on optical properties of ZnS
multilayer antireflection coatings, Mater Res Bull. 100 
(2018) 265-274.
[13] B. Liu, R. Luo, Q. Liang, Y. Zheng, B. Li, J. Zhang, W. Li, L.
Wu, L. Feng, Preparation of novel CdS/ZnS composite 
window layer for CdTe thin film solar cell, J. Mater. Sci. 
Mater. Electron. 26 (2015) 9985.
[14] X. Wang, H. Huang, B. Liang, Z. Liu, D. Chen, G. Shen, ZnS 
nanostructures: synthesis, properties, and 
applications, Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci. 38 
(2013) 57–90.
[15] S. Ummartyotin, Y. Infahsaeng, a comprehensive review 
on ZnS: from synthesis to an approach on solar cell, 
Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 55 (2016) 17- 24.
[16] D. Hass, Y. Marciano and H. Wadley, Physical vapor
deposition on cylindrical substrates, Surf. Coat. 
Technol. 185 (2004) 283-291.
[17] M. Panjan, Influence of substrate rotation and target
arrangement on the periodicity and uniformity of 
layered coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol. 235 (2013) 32-
44. 
[18] G. Oh, E. K. Kim, Analysis of ZnS and MgF2 layered 
nanostructures grown by glancing angle deposition 
for optical design, Nanotechnology 31 (2020) 245301.
[19] S. Essig, C. Allebé, T. Remo, J.F. Geisz, M.A. Steiner, K.
Horowitz, L. Barraud, J.S. Ward, M. Schnabel, A. 
Descoeudres, D.L. Young, Raising the one-sun 
conversion efficiency of III–V/Si solar cells to 32.8% 
for two junctions and 35.9% for three 
junctions, Nature Energy 2 (2017) 1-9.
[20] S.L. Diedenhofen, G. Grzela, E. Haverkamp, G. Bauhuis, J. 
Schermer, J.G. Rivas, Broadband and omnidirectional 
anti-reflection layer for III/V multi-junction solar cells, 
Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. C. 101 (2012) 308–14.
[21] A.R. Chowdhuri, D.U. Jin, C.G. Takoudis, SiO2/Si (100) 
interface characterization using infrared 
spectroscopy: estimation of substoichiometry and 
strain, Thin Solid Films 457 (2004) 402-405.
[22] W. Zhang, K. Hu, J. Tu, A. Aierken, D. Xu, G. Song, X. Sun, L. 
Li, K. Chen, D. Zhang, and Y. Zhuang, Broadband graded 
refractive index TiO2/Al2O3/MgF2 multilayer 
antireflection coating for high efficiency multijunction solar cell, Sol Energy 217 (2021) 271-279.
[23] D. H. Hwang, J. H. Ahn, K. N. Hui, K. S. Hui, Y. G. Son,
Structural and optical properties of ZnS thin films 
deposited by RF magnetron sputtering, Nanoscale Res. 
Lett. 7 (2012) 26–32.
[24] T. Liu, Y. Li, H. Ke, Y. Qian, Sh. Duo, Y. Hong, X. Sun,
Chemical bath co–deposited ZnS film prepared from 
different zinc salts: ZnSO4–Zn(CH3COO)2, Zn(NO3)2–
Zn(CH3COO)2, or ZnSO4–Zn(NO3)2, J. Mater. Sci. 
Tech. 32 (2015) 207–217. 
[25] O. Ozakın, B. Guzeldir, M. Ali Yıldırım, M. Saglam, A. Ates,
Influence of film thickness on structural and optical 
properties of ZnS thin films obtained by SILAR method 
and analysis of Zn/ZnS/n-GaAs/In sandwich 
structure, Phys. Stat. Solidi A. 209 (2012) 687–693.
[26] Ş. Korkmaz, S. Elmas, N. Ekem, S. Pat, M. Z. Balbağ
Deposition of MgF2 thin films for antireflection coating 
by using thermionic vacuum arc (TVA), Opt. Commun. 
285 (2012) 2373-2376.
[27] P. O. Offor, B. A. Okorie, F. I. Ezema, V. S. Aigbodion, C. 
C. DanielMkpume, A.D.Omaha, Synthesis and 
characterization of nanocrystalline zinc sulphide thin 
films by chemical spray pyrolysis, J. Alloy. Compd. 650 
(2015) 381-385.
[28] P. P. Hankare, P. A. Chate, D. J. Sathe, A. A. Patil,
Structure, Surface morphological and opto-electronic 
properties of zinc sulphide thin films deposited by dip 
method, Appl. Surf. Sci. 256 (2009) 81-84.
[29] H. M. M. N. Hennayaka, H. S. Lee, Structural and optical 
properties of ZnS thin film grown by pulsed 
electrodeposition, Thin Solid Films. 548 (2013) 86-90. 
[30] C. Guo, M. Kong, D. Lin, C. Liu, and B. Li, Microstructurerelated properties of magnesium fluoride films at 
193nm by oblique-angle deposition, Opt. Express. 21 
(2013) 960-967.
[31] M.R. Sazideh, M.H. Ehsani, H.R. Dizaji, R.Z. Moghadam, 
Substrate-induced changes of structural and optical 
properties of SnS films prepared by glancing angle 
deposition, Thin Solid Films. 663 (2018) 85-92.
[32] M.R. Sazideh, H.R. Dizaji, M.H. Ehsani, R.Z. Moghadam, 
Modification of the morphology and optical properties 
of SnS films using glancing angle deposition technique, 
Appl. Surf. Sci. 405 (2017) 514-520. 
[33] F.C. Akkari, R. Brini, M. Kanzari, B. Rezig, High 
absorbing CuInS2 thin films growing by oblique angle 
incidence deposition in presence of thermal gradient, 
J. Mater. Sci. 40 (2005) 5751–5755.
[34] Y. Zhong, Y.C. Shin, C.M. Kim, B.G. Lee, E.H. Kim, Y.J. 
Park, K.M.A. Sobahan, C.K. Hwangbo, Y.P. Lee, T.G. Kim, 
Optical and electrical properties of indium tin oxide 
thin films with tilted and spiral microstructures 
prepared by oblique angle deposition, J. Mater. Res. 23 
(2008) 2500–2505.
[35] S. Bruynooghe, D. Tonova, M. Sundermann, T. Koch, U. 
Schulz, Antireflection coatings combining interference 
multilayers and a nanoporous MgF2 top layer 
prepared by glancing angle deposition, Surf. Coat. 
Technol. 267 (2015) 40-44.
[36] S.Z. Rahchamani, H.R. Dizaji, M.H. Ehsani, Study of
structural and optical properties of ZnS zigzag 
nanostructured thin films, Appl. Surf. Sci. 356 (2015) 
1096-1104.
[37] M. H. Ehsani, N. Tajik, M. R. Sazideh, H. Rezagholipour 
Dizaji, R. Zarei Moghadam. Tuning filtering properties 
of SnS films deposited on Glass/ITO substrate using 
glancing angle deposition technique, Mater. Res. 
Express. 6 (2019) 096415.
[38] J.I. Pankove, Optical Processes in Semicondutors 
Courier Corporation, New York: Dover publication 
institute. (2012).
[39] S.S. Hegde, A.G. Kunjomana, M. Prashantha, C. Kumar, 
K. Ramesh, Photovoltaic structures using thermally 
evaporated SnS and CdS thin films, Thin Solid Films. 
545 (2013) 543-547.
[41] S. Bhaskar, S.B. Majumder, M. Jain, P.S. Dobal, R.S.
Katiyar, Studies on the structural, microstructural 
and optical properties of sol–gel derived lead 
lanthanum titanate thin films. Mater. Sci. Eng. B. 87 
(2001) 178-190. 
[42] K. Punitha R. Sivakumar C. Sanjeeviraja V. Ganesan, 
Influence of post-deposition heat treatment on 
optical properties derived from UV–vis of cadmium 
telluride (CdTe) thin films deposited on amorphous 
substrate, Appl. Surf. Sci. 344 (2015) 89-100.