Numerical analysis of ‘On-Off’ control thresholds and coolant flow rate for better performance of a Lithium-Ion battery thermal management system

[1] Y. Abdul-Quadir, T. Laurila, J. Karppinen, K. Jalkanen, K. Vuorilehto, L. Skogstr¨om and M. Paulasto-Kr¨ockel,
Heat generation in high power prismatic Li-ion battery cell with LiMnN iCoO2 cathode material, Int. J. Energy
Res. 38(11) (2014) 1424–1437.
[2] A. Abdul Razzaque and R. Prashant Kumar, CFD analysis of aerodynamic design of maruti Alto car, Int. J.
Mechanical Eng. Tech. 8(3) (2017) 388–399.
[3] Z. An, L. Jia, Y. Ding, C. Dang and X. Li, A review on lithium-ion power battery thermal management technologies
and thermal safety, J. Therm. Sci. 26(5) (2017) 391–412.
[4] K. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. She, M. Song, S. Wang and L. Chen, Construction of effective symmetrical air-cooled
system for battery thermal management, Appl. Therm. Eng. 166 (2020) 114679.
[5] Y. Deng, C. Feng, J. E, H. Zhu, J. Chen, M. Wen and H. Yin, Effects of different coolants and cooling strategies
on the cooling performance of the power lithium ion battery system: A review, Appl. Therm. Eng. 142 (2018)
10–29.
[6] H.S. Hamut, I. Dincer, G.F. Naterer, Performance assessment of thermal management systems for electric and
hybrid electric vehicles, Int. J. Energy Res. 37(1) (2013) 1–12.
[7] J. Kang, G. Rizzoni, Study of relationship between temperature and thermal energy, operating conditions as well
as environmental factors in large-scale lithium-ion batteries, Int. J. Energy Res. 38(15) (2014) 1994–2002.[8] G. Karimi and X. Li, Thermal management of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles, Int. J. Energy Res. 37(1)
(2012) 13–24.
[9] S.A. Khateeb, M.M. Farid, J.R. Selman and S. Al-Hallaj, Design and simulation of a lithium-ion battery with
a phase change material thermal management system for an electric scooter, J. Power Sources 128(2) (2004)
292–307.
[10] A. Kopczy´nski, Z. Liu, P. Krawczyk, Parametric analysis of Li-ion battery based on laboratory tests, E3S Web of
Conf. 44 (2018) 00074.
[11] A. Lazrak, J.-F. Fourmigu´e and J.-F. Robin, An innovative practical battery thermal management system based
on phase change materials: Numerical and experimental investigations, Appl. Therm. Eng. 128 (2018) 20–32.
[12] F. Leng, C. Tan and M. Pecht, Effect of temperature on the aging rate of Li Ion battery operating above room
temperature, Sci Rep. 5 (2015) 12967.
[13] Y. Li, Y. Du, T. Xu, H. Wu, X. Zhou, Z. Ling and Z. Zhang, Optimization of thermal management system for
Li-ion batteries using phase change material, Appl. Therm. Eng. 131 (2018) 766–778.
[14] K. Li, J. Yan, H. Chen and Q. Wang, Water cooling based strategy for lithium ion battery pack dynamic cycling
for thermal management system, Appl. Therm. Eng. 132 (2018) 575–585.
[15] Z. Ling, F. Wang, X. Fang, X. Gao and Z. Zhang, A hybrid thermal management system for lithiumion batteries
combining phase change materials with forced-air cooling, Appl. Energy 148 (2015) 403–409.
[16] Z. Lu, X.L. Yu, L.C. Wei, F. Cao, L.Y. Zhang, X.Z. Meng and L.W. Jin, A comprehensive experimental study on
temperature-dependent performance of lithium-ion battery, Appl. Therm. Eng. 158 (2019) 113800.
[17] M. Malik, I. Dincer and M.A. Rosen, Review on use of phase change materials in battery thermal management
for electric and hybrid electric vehicles, Int. J. Energy Res. 40(8) (2016) 1011–1031.
[18] M. Malik, I. Dincer, M.A. Rosen, M. Mathew and M. Fowler, Thermal and electrical performance evaluations of
series connected Li-ion batteries in a pack with liquid cooling, Appl. Therm. Eng. 129 (2018) 472–481.
[19] N. Mao, Z.-R. Wang, Y.-H. Chung and C.-M. Shu, Overcharge cycling effect on the thermal behavior, structure,
and material of lithium-ion batteries, Appl. Therm. Eng. 163 (2019) 114147.
[20] N. Omar, D. Widanage, M. Abdel Monem Y. Firouz, O. Hegazy, P. Van den Bossche, T. Coosemans and J.
Van Mierlo, Optimization of an advanced battery model parameter minimization tool and development of a novel
electrical model for lithium-ion batteries, Int. Trans. Electr. Energ. Syst. 24(12) (2013) 1747–1767.
[21] A.A. Pesaran, Battery thermal models for hybrid vehicle simulations, J. Power Sources 10(2) (2002) 377–382.
[22] A. Ritchie and W. Howard, Recent developments and likely advances in lithium-ion batteries, J. Power Sources
162(2) (2006) 809–812.
[23] R. Sabbah, R. Kizilel, J.R. Selman and S. Al-Hallaj, Active (air-cooled) vs. passive (phase change material)
thermal management of high power lithium-ion packs: limitation of temperature rise and uniformity of temperature
distribution, J. Power Sources 182(2) (2008) 630–638.
[24] M. Tan, Y. Gan, J. Liang, L. He, Y. Li, S. Song and Y. Shi, Effect of initial temperature on electrochemical and
thermal characteristics of a lithium-ion battery during charging process, Appl. Therm. Eng. 177 (2020) 115500.
[25] N. Terada, Development of lithium batteries for energy storage and EV applications, J. Power Sources 100(1-2)
(2001) 80–92.
[26] V.V. Viswanathan, D. Choi, D. Wang, W. Xu, S. Towne, R.E. Williford, J.-G. Zhang, J. Liu and Z. Yang, Effect
of entropy change of lithium intercalation in cathodes and anodes on Li-ion battery thermal management, J. Power
Sources 195(11) (2010) 3720–3729.
[27] S. Wang, K. Li, Y. Tian, J. Wang, Y. Wu and S. Ji, An experimental and numerical examination on the thermal
inertia of a cylindrical lithium-ion power battery, Appl. Therm. Eng. 154 (2019) 676–685.
[28] H. Wang, T. Tao, J. Xu, X. Mei, X. Liu and P. Gou, Cooling capacity of a novel modular liquid-cooled battery
thermal management system for cylindrical lithium ion batteries, Appl. Therm. Eng. 178 (2020) 115591.
[29] H. Wang, W. Xu, L. Ma, Actively controlled thermal management of prismatic lithium-ion cells under elevated
temperatures, Int. J. Heat and Mass Transf. 102 (2016) 315–322.
[30] N. Yang, X. Zhang, G. Li and D. Hua, Assessment of the forced air-cooling performance for cylindrical lithiumion battery packs: a comparative analysis between aligned and staggered cell arrangements, Appl. Therm. Eng. 80
(2015) 55–65.
[31] N. Yang, X. Zhang, B. Shang, B.B. Shang and S. Li, Unbalanced discharging and aging due to temperature
differences among the cells in a lithium-ion battery pack with parallel combination, J. Power Sources 306 (2016)
733–741.
[32] W. Yang, F. Zhou, H. Zhou, Q. Wang and J. Kong, Thermal performance of cylindrical lithium-ion battery
thermal management system integrated with mini-channel liquid cooling and air cooling, Appl. Therm. Eng. 175
(2020) 115331.[33] Y. Ye, L.H. Saw, Y. Shi and A.A. Tay, Numerical analyses on optimizing a heat pipe thermal management system
for lithium-ion batteries during fast charging, Appl. Therm. Eng. 86 (2015) 281–291.
[34] H. Zhang, C. Li, R. Zhang, Y. Lin and H. Fang, Thermal analysis of a 6s4p Lithium-ion battery pack cooled by
cold plates based on a multi-domain modeling framework, Appl. Therm. Eng. 173 (2020) 115216.