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القصيدة العموديّة المعاصرة في ضوء الأسلوبيّة الإحصائيّة، والحقول الدلاليّة (تطبيق علی نماذج من شِعر أحمد بخيت وعارف الساعدِيّ) | ||
| دراسات في اللغة العربيّة وآدابها | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 17 بهمن 1402 اصل مقاله (848.02 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقالة بحثيّة أصيلة (علميّة محكّمة) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22075/lasem.2023.30476.1373 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علي حيدري1؛ عيسى متقي زاده* 2؛ كبرى روشنفكر3؛ فرامرز ميرزائي4 | ||
| 1طالب دکتوراه في قسم اللغة العربیة وآدابها في جامعة تربیت مدرس، طهران، إيران. | ||
| 2أستاذ في قسم اللغة العربیة وآدابها بجامعة تريیت مدرس، طهران، إيران. | ||
| 3أستاذ في قسم اللغة العربيّة وآدابها بجامعة تربيت مدرس، طهران، إيران. | ||
| 4أستاذ في قسم اللغة العربیة وآدابها بجامعة تربيت مدرس، طهران، إيران. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 07 اردیبهشت 1402، تاریخ بازنگری: 31 مرداد 1402، تاریخ پذیرش: 22 شهریور 1402 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| الأسلوبيّة الإحصائيّة هي إحدَی الاتجاهات اللسانية الحديثة التي تُعنَی بالتحليلات التفصيلية للنصّ الأدبيّ بواسطة الإحصاءات والمعادلات الرياضيّة. والحقل الدلاليّ هو مجموعة من الکلمات تربط فيما بينها علاقات لسانية مشترکة وتوضع تحت لفظ عام يشمل کلّ تلك الألفاظ الثانوية. وهي تبحث عن العلاقات بين مفردات الحقل الواحد، وتنظر إلی معاني الکلمات وربطها. وعلی هذا الأساس، انتقَينا شاعرَين من کبار شعراء القصيدة العموديّة المعاصرة في العالم العربيّ ممن حازوا علی المراکز الأولی في العديد من المسابقات والمهرجانات العربيّة والعالمية، وهما أحمد بخيت من مصر، وعارف الساعديّ من العراق، واخترنا 55 بيتاً من آخر أشعار کلٍّ منهما. ودرسَناها في ضوء مقياس يول في الأسلوبيّة الإحصائيّة بغية الوصول إلی الثروة اللفظية وکيفية توزيع تکرار المفردات. ثمّ عرضنا نتائج التطبيقات الإحصائيّة علی نظرية الحقول الدلاليّة، واستخرجنا الحقول والدلالات لکلٍّ من العينتين، بهدف معرفة کيفية توزيع تکرار ألفاظها وربطها بالعوامل الخارجية علی أساس المنهج الإحصائيّ والتحليلي. وقد توصّلت الدراسة إلی أنّ نسبة وجود الثروة اللفظية في شعر أحمد بخيت أکثر منها في شعر عارف الساعديّ. کما استخدم کلٌّ منهما أنواعاً من الحقول الدلاليّة، وکرّرها وفق تفکّره ورأيه. فبخيت يحاول أن يستذکر أمجاد العرب وحضارتهم قبل الإسلام وبعده، ويتهرّب من الحاضر المخزي الذي أسماه جحيماً. لکنّ الساعديّ سعَی إلی تقديم صورة عن واقع العراق ومعاناة أهله وآمالهم في شعره. وهذا يدلّ علی أن شاعر القصيدة العربيّة العموديّة المعاصرة يجاري أفکار شعبه ويوظف الواقع الذي يوظفه زملاؤه في أدبهم المنظوم والمنثور. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| الأسلوبيّة الإحصائيّة؛ الحقول الدلاليّة؛ القصيدة العموديّة المعاصرة؛ أحمد بخيت؛ عارف الساعديّ | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A Study of the Contemporary Vertical Poem in Light of Statistical Stylistics and Semantic Fields (An Application to Selected Poems by Ahmed Bakhit and Aref Al-Saadi) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali Haidari1؛ Isa Motaghizadeh2؛ Kobra Roshan Fekr3؛ Faramarz Mirzaei4 | ||
| 1PhD student in the Department of Arabic Language and Literature at Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Professor in the Department of Arabic Language and Literature at Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 3Professor in the Department of Arabic Language and Literature at Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 4Professor in the Department of Arabic Language and Literature at Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In the early twentieth century, linguistics became closely associated with literary studies, serving as a bridge between the writer and the ideas embedded within the text. One of the most significant outcomes of this interaction is statistical stylistics, which focuses on the detailed analysis of literary texts through statistical tools and mathematical formulas. Semantic field theory, on the other hand, concerns groups of words that share a common conceptual relationship and fall under a comprehensive semantic category encompassing related sub-meanings. Its importance lies in examining the relationships among lexical items within the same field and analyzing their meanings and interconnections in order to understand systems of perception, customs, traditions, and social relations in both their material and spiritual dimensions. Within this framework, the present study selects two major poets of the contemporary vertical poem in the Arab world: Ahmed Bakhit from Egypt and Aref Al-Saadi from Iraq. A corpus of fifty-five verses was chosen from the most recent poetic works of each poet. These samples were analyzed using Yule’s index within the framework of statistical stylistics to determine lexical richness and patterns of word-frequency distribution. The resulting statistical data were then applied to semantic field theory in order to extract dominant semantic domains in each poetic sample and to examine the distribution of vocabulary frequency in relation to external cultural, social, and ideological factors. The study concludes that the level of lexical richness in Ahmed Bakhit’s poetry is higher than that found in Aref Al-Saadi’s poetry. Both poets employ a variety of semantic fields, repeating them in accordance with their intellectual orientations and poetic visions. Bakhit tends to evoke the glories of Arab civilization before and after Islam while seeking to escape what he describes as a shameful present, which he metaphorically labels as “hell.” Consequently, semantic fields related to place, historical figures, despair, and numbers are recurrent in his poetry. In contrast, Al-Saadi focuses on depicting the lived reality of Iraq and the suffering and aspirations of its people. His poetry abounds in expressions related to the Iraqi environment, collective Iraqi identity, and body-related vocabulary that functions as a means of conveying his message. Keywords: Statistical stylistics; semantic fields; contemporary vertical poem; Ahmed Bakhit; Aref Al-Saadi Extended Summary Introduction This study examines the phenomenon of semantic fields in contemporary Arabic poetry through the combined application of linguistic theory and statistical stylistics. A semantic field refers to a group of words unified by a shared conceptual framework and organized under a broader term that governs related sub-meanings. In poetic discourse, semantic fields serve as a crucial analytical tool for understanding how poets encode experience, ideology, and emotion through lexical choices. Investigating these patterns provides insight into the poet’s worldview and the cultural context shaping poetic imagination. The research focuses on two prominent figures in modern Arabic poetry: Ahmed Bakhit from Egypt and Aref Al-Saadi from Iraq. Both poets have gained wide recognition through Arab and international literary awards and festivals. Their poetry is characterized by symbolic density, cultural depth, and rhythmic innovation, making it particularly suitable for comparative stylistic analysis. By integrating computational techniques with linguistic theory, this study aims to identify how each poet’s lexical choices and thematic organization reflect personal, historical, and geographical contexts. It further explores how vocabulary frequency, diversity, and repetition reveal underlying semantic orientations. Ultimately, the study seeks to propose an analytical model capable of quantifying poetic meaning without compromising its aesthetic value, thereby contributing to the interdisciplinary field linking linguistic science and literary criticism. Materials and Methods To ensure a balanced comparison, fifty-five verses were selected from the most recent poetic works of both Ahmed Bakhit and Aref Al-Saadi. Each verse was chosen for its representativeness of the poet’s mature stylistic and thematic tendencies. The study employed Yule’s statistical stylistic index, a quantitative tool designed to measure lexical richness, word dispersion, and repetition ratios. Following the calculation of statistical values, semantic field theory was applied to classify the vocabulary of each poem into conceptual categories such as place, time, nature, emotions, characters, and linguistic connectives. This combined statistical-semantic approach allowed for both numerical precision and interpretive depth. The analytical process proceeded through several stages. First, lexical items were extracted and classified based on semantic proximity. Second, their frequencies were calculated to identify dominant semantic domains. Third, statistical measures were used to assess word concentration and recurrence within each domain. Finally, correlations were drawn between lexical density and external cultural factors, including geography and ideology. By integrating computational stylistics with close textual analysis, this methodology bridges traditional literary interpretation and data-driven linguistic analysis, enabling a more objective understanding of poetic style while preserving sensitivity to cultural and emotional nuances. Research Findings The comparative analysis revealed clear lexical and semantic distinctions between the two poets. In Ahmed Bakhit’s sample, the lexical richness index reached 53.87, indicating a high degree of verbal diversity accompanied by moderate repetition. In contrast, Aref Al-Saadi’s poetry recorded a value of 69.67, reflecting a more limited lexical range but stronger thematic cohesion within specific semantic fields. In Bakhit’s poetry, the most prominent semantic fields included place (44 occurrences), time (22), characters (18), fear and despair (25), nature (22), animals (7), writing and literature (12), and connectives (52). These distributions reflect his engagement with Arab history and civilization, evoking ancient cultural centers such as Babylon, Andalusia, and Baghdad, often juxtaposed with contemporary decline. The recurrence of these fields demonstrates a poetic consciousness rooted in nostalgia and collective cultural memory. By contrast, Al-Saadi’s poetry is dominated by semantic fields related to visual imagery (39), nature (48), place (15), time (35), body parts (22), characters (11), environmental vocabulary (15), and connectives (88). The extensive use of connectives contributes to syntactic cohesion and thematic continuity, linking nearly every verse to the central theme of Iraq’s suffering and resilience. While Bakhit’s imagination transcends geographical boundaries, Al-Saadi’s poetry remains firmly anchored in the local Iraqi context, reflecting the collective struggle of his homeland. Discussion and Conclusion The findings demonstrate that both poets employ lexical repetition, semantic selection, and structural organization as deliberate stylistic strategies reflecting distinct ideological orientations. Ahmed Bakhit articulates a transnational poetic vision aimed at reviving the grandeur of Arab civilization and transcending the disillusionment of the present. His frequent references to historical figures and lost civilizations function as symbols of continuity, pride, and cultural memory. Consequently, the semantic field of place in his poetry operates not merely as a spatial marker but as an intellectual metaphor for unity and renewal. In contrast, Aref Al-Saadi grounds his poetic discourse in the immediate social and emotional reality of Iraq. His emphasis on nature, body-related vocabulary, and connective structures conveys endurance and interconnectedness, mirroring the persistence of suffering and hope within Iraqi society. The repetition of conjunctions in particular reinforces rhythmic cohesion and emotional continuity. Methodologically, the integration of statistical stylistics with semantic field analysis proves effective in quantifying subtle poetic phenomena and enabling an objective evaluation of artistic style. The study concludes that this combined approach offers a replicable framework for future research in Arabic literary studies, bridging qualitative interpretation and empirical analysis. In doing so, it advances the scientific study of poetic language and cultural identity in the contemporary Arab world. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Statistical stylistics, semantic fields, contemporary vertical poem, Ahmed Bakhit, Aref Al-Saadi | ||
| مراجع | ||
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قائمة المصادر والمراجع أولاً: المصادر العربيّة الکتب:
الرسائل:
المجلات:
ثانياً: المصادر الفارسيّة
ثالثاً: المصادر الإنجليزية
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