پیوندهای مفید
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 22 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 710 |
| تعداد مقالات | 10,251 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 71,963,910 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 63,715,266 |
تهیه، شناسایی و کاربرد زینکبورات به عنوان یک عامل بازدارنده آتش برای پلیآکریلونیتریل | ||
| شیمى کاربردى روز | ||
| دوره 19، شماره 70، فروردین 1403، صفحه 215-230 اصل مقاله (1.07 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22075/chem.2023.29736.2146 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مرضیه دریانورد* 1؛ پریسا شاهرخی2 | ||
| 1مرکز آموزش عالی استهبان - دانشگاه شیراز، استهبان | ||
| 2دانشکده شیمی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 06 بهمن 1401، تاریخ بازنگری: 18 فروردین 1402، تاریخ پذیرش: 16 اردیبهشت 1402 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| امروزه مواد بازدارنده آتش که به مواد قابل اشتعال افزوده میشوند تا مقاومت آنها را در برابر شعلهوری افزایش دهند، اهمیت زیادی دارند. دستهای از این مواد بازدارنده آتش زینکبوراتها هستند که در این مقاله با استفاده از دو نوع پیشماده مختلف سنتز شدهاند. در روش اول، ابتدا کمپلکس تریس(اتیلن دی آمین)-زینک (II) تترافنیل بورات، [Zn(en)3](BPh4)2، از واکنش ZnCl2 با لیگاند اتیلندیآمین در حضور NaBPh4 در حلال آب سنتز شد. سپس از کلسینه شدن این کمپلکس در دمای ˚C650، زینکبورات تهیه شد. در روش دوم، مخلوط H3BO3/ZnO با نسبت مولی 6:2 تحت روش هیدروترمال در دمای ˚C200 قرار گرفت و زینکبورات به دست آمد. زینکبوراتهای تهیه شده با روشهای مختف شامل FT-IR، XRD، SEM و TGA شناسایی شدند. همچنین کاربرد زینکبوراتهای تهیه شده در بازدارندگی اشتعال پلیمر پلیآکریلونیتریل (PAN) بررسی شد. نتایج نشان میدهند که حضور زینکبورات در بافت پلیآکریلونیتریل باعث قطع سریع شعلهوری آن بعد از خروج از شعله میشود. بنابراین، زینک بوراتهای تهیهشده میتوانند به عنوان بازدارنده آتش در پلیمرها استفاده شوند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| بازدارنده آتش؛ پلیآکریلونیتریل؛ زینکبورات؛ اتیلندیآمین؛ بوریکاسید | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Preparation, Characterization, and Application of Zinc Borate as a Fire Retardant Agent for Poly(acrylonitrile) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Marzieh Daryanavard1؛ Parisa Shahrokhi2 | ||
| 1Estahban Higher Education Center -Shiraz University, Estahban, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Nowadays, fire retardants are very important. These materials are added to flammable items to increase their resistance to flammability. Zinc borates are an important class of the fire retardants, which have been prepared in this paper using two different precursors. In the first method, tris(ethylenediamine) zinc(II) tetraphenyl borate complex, [Zn(en)3](BPh4)2, was prepared by reaction of ZnCl2 with en ligand in the presence of NaBPh4 in water solvent. The prepared Zn(II) complex was calcined at 650 ºC to obtain zinc borate. In the second method, a mixture of H3BO3/ZnO with a mole ratio of 6:2 was reacted under the hydrothermal operation at 200 ºC, and zinc borate was obtained. The prepared zinc borates were characterized by different methods including FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TGA. In addition, the application of the prepared zinc borates as a fire retardant was investigated for poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) polymer. The results show that the addition of zinc borate to PAN increased its resistance to flammability and the combustion process immediately terminated when the sample removed from the flame. Therefore, the prepared zinc borates are good candidates for use as fire retardants in polymers. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Fire retardant, Poly(acrylonitrile), Zinc borate, Ethylenediamine, Boric acid | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1] Wang, X. Y., Li, Y., Liao, W. W., Gu, J., & Li, D. (2008). A new intumescent flame-retardant: preparation, surface modification, and its application in polypropylene. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 19(8), 1055-1061.
[2] Hollingbery, L. A., & Hull, T. R. (2010). The fire retardant behaviour of huntite and hydromagnesite – A review. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 95(12), 2213-2225.
[3] Hollingbery, L. A., & Hull, T. R. (2012). The fire retardant effects of huntite in natural mixtures with hydromagnesite. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 97(4), 504-512.
[4] Hull, T. R., Witkowski, A., & Hollingbery, L. A. (2011). Fire retardant action of mineral fillers. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 96(8), 1462-1469.
[5] Van der Veen, I., & de Boer, J. (2012). Phosphorus flame retardants: Properties, production, environmental occurrence, toxicity and analysis. Chemosphere, 88(10), 1119-1153.
[6] Weil, E. D., & Levchik, S. V. (2015). Flame retardants for plastics and textiles: Practical applications. 2nd Ed., Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Munich.
[7] Shaw, S. D, Blum, A., Weber, R., Kannan, K., Rich, D., Lucas, D., Koshland, C. P., Dobraca, D., Hanson, S., & Birnbaum, L. S. (2010). Halogenated flame retardants: Do the fire safety benefits justify the risks? Reviews on Environmental Health, 25(4), 261-305.
[8] Horrocks, A. R., & Price, D. (2001). Fire retardant materials. 1st Ed., Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK.
[9] Grand, A. F., & Wilkie, C. A. (2000). Fire retardancy of polymeric materials. Marcel Dekker, New York.
[10] de Wit, C. A. (2002). An overview of brominated flame retardants in the environment. Chemosphere, 46(5), 583-624.
[11] Kausar, A., Rafique, I., Anwar, Z., & Muhammad, B. (2016). Recent developments in different types of flame retardants and effect on fire retardancy of epoxy composite. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 55(14), 1512-1535.
[12] Mansouri, G., & Mansouri M. (2020). Photocatalytic activity investigation of ZnO-TiO2 stabilized on ZSM-5 zeolite for Methyl Orange degradation. Journal of Applied Chemistry,15(56), 241-256. (in Persian).
[13] Lasemi, Z., & Sadeghi, B. (2020). BF3.SiO2 nanoparticles: efficient and green catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. Journal of Applied Chemistry, 15(55), 149-158. (in Persian).
[14] Chaibakhsh, N., & Rahimpour, R. (2021). Fabrication of MnFe2O4/ZnO nanocomposite and its application in photo-fenton process for the removal of surfactant from aqueous solutions. Journal of Applied Chemistry, 16(58), 363-376. (in Persian).
[15] Kilinç, M. (2009). Production and Characterization of Boron Based Additives and the Effect of Flame Retardant Additives on PET Based Composites, Ph.D. Thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
[16] Qu, H., Wu, W., Xie, J., & Xu, J. (2009). Zinc hydroxystannate-coated metal hydroxides as flame retardant and smoke suppression for flexible poly vinyl chloride. Fire and Materials, 33(4), 201-210.
[17] Morgan, A. B., & Wilkie, C. A. (2007). Flame retardant polymer nanocomposites, Wiley-Interscience, New Jersey.
[18] Wang, X., Pang, H., Chen, W., Lin, Y., Zong, L., & Ning, G. (2014). Controllable fabrication of zinc borate hierarchical nanostructure on brucite surface for enhanced mechanical properties and flame retardant behaviors. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 6(10), 7223-7235.
[19] Gao, Y. H., & Liu, Z. H. (2009). Hydrothermal synthesis and standard molar enthalpy of formation of zinc borate of 4ZnO·B2O3·H2O. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 54(9), 2789-2790.
[20] Feng, C., Zhang, Y., Liang, D., Liu, S., Chi, Z., & Xu, J. (2015). Influence of zinc Borate on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 115, 224-232.
[21] Wang, J., Zhang, A.-Q., & Liu, Z.-H. (2015). Thermodynamic properties of two zinc Borates: 3ZnO·3B2O3·3.5H2O and 6ZnO·5B2O3·3H2O. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 82, 88-92.
[22] Shi, X., Yuan, L., Sun, X., Chang, C., & Sun, J. (2008). Controllable synthesis of 4ZnO.B2O3.H2O nano-/microstructures with different morphologies: Influence of hydrothermal reaction parameters and formation mechanism. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 112(10), 3558-3567.
[23] Shi, X., Li, M., Yang, H., Chen, S., Yuan, L., Zhang, K., & Sun, J. (2007). PEG-300 assisted hydrothermal synthesis of 4ZnO.B2O3.H2O nanorods. Materials Research Bulletin, 42(9), 1649-1656.
[24] Shi, X., Xiao, Yuan, L., & Sun, J. (2009). Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of 2D and 3D 4ZnO.B2O3.H2O nano/microstructures with different morphologies. Powder Technology, 189(3), 462-465.
[25] Gönen, M., Balköse, D., & Ülkü, S. (2011). Supercritical ethanol drying of zinc borates of 2ZnO·3B2O3·3H2O and ZnO·B2O3·2H2O. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 59, 43-52.
[26] Gürhan, D., Çakal, G.Ö., Eroğlu, İ., & Özkar, S. (2009). Improved synthesis of fine zinc Borate particles using seed crystals. Journal of Crystal Growth, 311(6), 1545-1552.
[27] Shete, A. V., Sawant, S. B., & Pangarkar, V. G. (2004). Kinetics of fluid-solid reaction with an insoluble product: Zinc borate by the reaction of boric acid and zinc oxide. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 79(5), 526-532,.
[28] Baltaci, B. (2010). Synthesis and Charactrization of Nano Zinc Borate and Its Usage as a Flame Retardant for Polymers. M.Sc. Thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
[29] Genovese, A. & Shanks, R. A. (2007). Structural and thermal interpretation of the synergy and interactions between the fire retardants magnesium hydroxide and zinc borate. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 92(1), 2-13.
[30] Samyn, F., Bourbigot, S., Duquesne, S. & Delobel, R. (2007). Effect of zinc borate on the thermal degradation of ammonium polyphosphate. Thermochimica acta, 456(2), 34-144.
[31] Pawlowski, K. H., Schartel, B., Fichera, M. A. & Jäger, C. (2010). Flame retardancy mechanisms of bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) in combination with zinc borate in bisphenol A polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blends. Thermochimica Acta, 498(1), 92-99.
[32] Karrasch, A., Wawrzyn, E., Schartel, B. & Jäger, C. (2010). Solid-state NMR on thermal and fire residues of bisphenol A polycarbonate/silicone acrylate rubber/bisphenol A bis (diphenyl-phosphate)/ (PC/SiR/BDP) and PC/SiR/BDP/zinc borate (PC/SiR/BDP/ZnB)–Part I: PC charring and the impact of BDP and ZnB. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 95(12), 2525-2533.
[33] Ting, C., Jian-Cheng, D., Long-Shuo, W., Fan, Y. & Gang, F. (2008). Synthesis of a new netlike nano zinc borate. Materials Letters, 62(14), 2057-2059.
[34] Altaf, M., Chaudhry, M. A. & Zahid, M. (2003). Study of optical band gap of zinc-borate glasses. Journal of Research (Science), 14(2), 253-259.
[35] Marine, W., Patrone, L., Luk’yanchuk, B., & Sentis, M. (2000). Strategy of nanocluster and nanostructure synthesis by conventional pulsed laser ablation. Applied Surface Science, 154-155, 345-352. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 575 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 538 |
||