پیوندهای مفید
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 21 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 667 |
| تعداد مقالات | 9,704 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 69,107,478 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 48,512,128 |
Effect of Annealing on Tensile Strength of 3D Printed PLA with Material Extrusion | ||
| Mechanics of Advanced Composite Structures | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 12، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 26، بهمن 2025، صفحه 465-472 اصل مقاله (783.9 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22075/macs.2024.33892.1662 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Pichai Janmanee؛ Pongpun Ratchapakdee* | ||
| Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, Bangkok, 10120, Thailand | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 04 اردیبهشت 1403، تاریخ بازنگری: 04 مرداد 1403، تاریخ پذیرش: 23 مرداد 1403 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Polylactic acid (PLA) is a commonly used material in 3D printing processes. In the material extrusion (MEX) technique, the final 3D-printed parts have lower mechanical properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the tensile strength of 3D-printed PLA specimens that had undergone annealing. The variables considered were the annealing temperature and the annealing time, with three temperature levels: 70 , 90 , and 110 , and two annealing times: 60 and 90 minutes. The cooling rate is set at 10 °C per hour and cools in the furnace for 24 hours. The results showed annealing significantly affected the tensile strength, with annealed parts demonstrating a notable increase in tensile strength compared to non-annealed parts. Comparing the tensile strength values of pieces that did not undergo annealing, annealed pieces exhibited higher tensile strength. The elasticity modulus tends to decrease, and the workpiece size shrinks slightly in all directions. In the results of the annealing experiment on the ankle foot orthosis (AFO) for pediatric patients with foot drops, it was found that the ankle foot orthosis specimen that had been annealed shrank in all directions with relatively little change. When annealed workpieces are applied, there is no need to compensate for the workpiece size. The highest tensile strength was achieved when annealing was carried out at a temperature of 110 °C for a duration of 90 minutes. The annealed specimen showed an average 42% increase in tensile strength when compared with the printed specimen. The higher the temperature of this glass transition, the higher the calorific value, which will affect the arrangement of the chain and the crystallinity of the plastic and lead to changes in its physical properties. Moreover, the study findings indicate that the optimizing tensile strength of thermoplastic materials can be considerably increased by choosing the ideal process parameters and post-processing conditions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Polylactic acid؛ Annealing process؛ Tensile strength؛ Material extrusion؛ 3D printing | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1] Boros, R., Rajamani, P. K., and Kovacs, J. G., 2019. Combination of 3D printing and injection molding: Overmolding and overprinting. Express Polymer Letters, 13(10). [2] Shahrubudin, N., Lee, T. C., and Ramlan, R. J. P. M., 2019. An overview on 3D printing technology: Technological, materials, and applications. Procedia Manufacturing, 35, pp. 1286-1296. [3] Aliheidari, N., Tripuraneni, R., Ameli, A., and Nadimpalli, S., 2017. Fracture resistance measurement of fused deposition modeling 3D printed polymers. Polymer Testing, 60, pp. 94-101. [4] Prater, T., Werkheiser, N., Ledbetter, F., Timucin, D., Wheeler, K., and Snyder, M., 2019. 3D Printing in Zero G Technology Demonstration Mission: complete experimental results and summary of related material modeling efforts. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 101, pp. 391-417. [5] Novakova-Marcincinova, L., Novak-Marcincin, J. and Janak, M., 2014. Precision manufacturing process of parts realized by FDM rapid prototyping. Key Engineering Materials, 581, pp. 292-297. [6] Akhoundi, B. and Behravesh, A. H., 2019. Effect of filling pattern on the tensile and flexural mechanical properties of FDM 3D printed products. Experimental Mechanics, 59, pp. 883-897. [7] Guduru, K. K. and Srinivasu, G., 2020. Effect of post treatment on tensile properties of carbon reinforced PLA composite by 3D printing. Materials Today: Proceedings, 33, pp. 5403-5407. [8] Palaniappan, S. K., Singh, M. K., Rangappa, S. M. and Siengchin, S., 2023. Eco-friendly Biocomposites: A Step Towards Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Composites, 7(12). [9] Patel, M., Pardhi, B., Chopara, S. and Pal, M. 2018. Lightweight composite materials for automotive-a review. Carbon, 1(2500), 151. [10] Kumar, K. S., Soundararajan, R., Shanthosh, G., Saravanakumar, P., and Ratteesh, M., 2021. Augmenting effect of infill density and annealing on mechanical properties of PETG and CFPETG composites fabricated by FDM. Materials Today: Proceedings, 45, pp. 2186-2191. [11] Arjun, P., Bidhun, V. K., Lenin, U. K., Amritha, V. P., Pazhamannil, R. V., and Govindan, P., (2022. Effects of process parameters and annealing on the tensile strength of 3D printed carbon fiber reinforced polylactic acid. Materials Today: Proceedings, 62, pp. 7379-7384. [12] Butt, J., and Bhaskar, R., 2020. Investigating the effects of annealing on the mechanical properties of FFF-printed thermoplastics. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 4(2), 38. [13] Yang, C., Tian, X., Li, D., Cao, Y., Zhao, F., and Shi, C., 2017. Influence of thermal processing conditions in 3D printing on the crystallinity and mechanical properties of PEEK material. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 248, pp. 1-7. [14] Slavković, V., Grujović, N., Disic, A., and Radovanović, A., 2017. Influence of annealing and printing directions on mechanical properties of PLA shape memory polymer produced by fused deposition modeling. In Proceedings of the 6th International Congress of Serbian Society of Mechanics Mountain Tara, Mountain Tara, Serbia, pp. 19-21. [15] Kartal, F., and Kaptan, A., 2023. Effects of annealing temperature and duration on mechanical properties of PLA plastics produced by 3D Printing. European Mechanical Science, 7(3), 152-159. [16] ASTM Standard D638., 2010. Standard test methods for tensile properties of plastics. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. [17] Wach, R. A., Wolszczak, P., and Adamus‐Wlodarczyk, A., 2018. Enhancement of mechanical properties of FDM‐PLA parts via thermal annealing. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 303(9), 1800169. [18] Simmons, H., Tiwary, P., Colwell, J. E., and Kontopoulou, M., 2019. Improvements in the crystallinity and mechanical properties of PLA by nucleation and annealing. Polymer degradation and stability, 166, pp. 248-257. [19] Yao, T., Ye, J., Deng, Z., Zhang, K., Ma, Y., and Ouyang, H., 2020. Tensile failure strength and separation angle of FDM 3D printing PLA material: Experimental and theoretical analyses. Composites Part B: Engineering, 188, 107894. [20] Stojković, J. R., Turudija, R., Vitković, N., Górski, F., Păcurar, A., Pleşa, A., and Păcurar, R., 2023. An experimental study on the impact of layer height and annealing parameters on the tensile strength and dimensional accuracy of FDM 3D printed parts. Materials, 16(13), 4574. [21] Saeidlou, S., Huneault, M. A., Li, H., and Park, C. B., 2012. Poly (lactic acid) crystallization. Progress in Polymer Science, 37(12), pp. 1657-1677. [22] Zhou, X., and Hsieh, S. J., 2017. Thermal analysis of fused deposition modeling process using infrared thermography imaging and finite element modeling. In Thermosense: thermal infrared applications XXXIX (Vol. 10214, pp. 51-64). SPIE. [23] Guduru, K. K., and Srinivasu, G., 2020. Effect of post treatment on tensile properties of carbon reinforced PLA composite by 3D printing. Materials Today: Proceedings, 33, pp. 5403-5407. [24] Srithep, Y., Nealey, P., and Turng, L. S., 2013. Effects of annealing time and temperature on the crystallinity and heat resistance behavior of injection‐molded poly (lactic acid). Polymer Engineering & Science, 53(3), pp. 580-588. [25] Szust, A., and Adamski, G., 2022. Using thermal annealing and salt remelting to increase tensile properties of 3D FDM prints. Engineering Failure Analysis, 132, 105932. [26] Zisopol, D. G., Portoaca, A. I., Nae, I., and Ramadan, I., 2022. A Comparative Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Annealed PLA. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 12(4), pp. 8978-8981. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 486 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,165 |
||