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Prediction and Optimization of Viscosity of Ethylene Glycol based ZnO Nanofluids using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) | ||
| Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Research | ||
| دوره 13، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 25، خرداد 2026، صفحه 101-118 اصل مقاله (1.01 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Full Length Research Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22075/jhmtr.2025.37095.1689 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| Behrouz Raei* | ||
| Department of Chemical Engineering, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, Iran | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 24 اسفند 1403، تاریخ بازنگری: 23 اردیبهشت 1404، تاریخ پذیرش: 02 خرداد 1404 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Since nanofluid science is still fairly new, the properties of numerous nanofluids have not been fully studied. Consequently, equations for precise calculations in this field are not yet available. The present research predicts the viscosity ratio (VISR) of stabilized ethylene glycol-based ZnO nanofluids using the response surface methodology (RSM). This research was conducted under experimental conditions, utilizing solid volume fractions (SVF) ranging from SVF=0.01% to SVF=0.15%, and temperatures between T=20°C and T=60°C. Various models were assessed according to a set of quality indicators and plots. Upon reviewing the quality indicators and plots for various models, the cubic model was determined to be the most suitable option. The values of standard deviation (std.dev), coefficient of determination (R2) and coefficient of variation (C.V) for the cubic model were 0.0060, 0.9831, and 0.5426, respectively. Also, the adjusted R2 and predicted R2 parameters of the cubic model were equal to 0.9679 and 0.9492 respectively, which signifies the accuracy of the model. The results of the RSM model were compared with more than 25 equations available in the literature. The outcomes showed that the RSM model had the lowest error as average absolute relative deviation (AARD=2.9%) in predicting the VISR of nanofluid. Ultimately, the best state of VISR of nanofluid in the conditions of SVF= 0.01%, and T = 20°C value was 1.070. The application of RSM cuts down on experimental costs and time, in addition to helping identify the most suitable model. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Response surface methodology؛ Viscosity؛ Nanofluid؛ Modeling؛ Stability | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| پیش بینی و بهینه سازی ویسکوزیته نانوسیال اکسید روی بر پایه اتیلن گلایکول با استفاده از روش سطح پاسخ | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| از آنجایی که علم نانوسیال هنوز نسبتاً جدید است، خواص نانوسیال های متعدد به طور کامل مورد مطالعه قرار نگرفته است. در نتیجه، معادلات جامعی برای محاسبات دقیق در این زمینه هنوز در دسترس نیست. تحقیق حاضر نسبت ویسکوزیته (VISR) نانوسیالات اکسید روی بر پایه اتیلن گلیکول پایدار شده را با استفاده از روش سطح پاسخ (RSM) پیشبینی مینماید. این تحقیق در شرایط تجربی و با استفاده از کسرهای حجمی جامد (SVF) در محدوده SVF=0.01% تا SVF=0.15% و دماهای بین T=20°C تا T=60°C انجام شد. مدلهای مختلف با توجه به مجموعهای از شاخصها و نمودارهای کیفیت ارزیابی شدند. با بررسی شاخص های کیفی و نمودارهای مدل های مختلف، مدل مکعبی مناسب ترین گزینه تعیین شد. مقادیر انحراف معیار (std.dev)، ضریب تعیین (R2) و ضریب تغییرات (C.V) برای مدل مکعبی به ترتیب 0.0060، 0.9831 و 0.5426 بدست آمد. همچنین پارامترهای R2 تعدیل شده و R2 پیش بینی شده مدل مکعبی به ترتیب برابر با 0.9679 و 0.9492 بود که نشان دهنده دقت مدل است. نتایج مدل RSM با بیش از 25 معادله موجود در مطالعات پیشین مقایسه شد. نتایج نشان داد که مدل RSM کمترین خطا (AARD=2.9%) را در پیشبینی VISR نانوسیال داشت. در نهایت حالت بهینه VISR نانوسیال در شرایط SVF=0.01% و T=20◦C مقدار 1.070 بدست آمد. استفاده از RSM علاوه بر کمک به شناسایی مناسب ترین مدل، هزینه ها و زمان آزمایش ها را کاهش می دهد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| روش سطح پاسخ, ویسکوزیته, نانوسیال, مدلسازی, پایداری | ||
| مراجع | ||
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