Utilization of Construction and Demolition Waste for Sustainable Masonry: Experimental Analysis and Microstructural Insights

Monish Kumar, K; Thanu, H P; Nataraja, M C

doi:10.22075/jrce.2025.36210.2229

اداره چاپ و انتشارات دانشگاه سمنان

تعداد نشریات	21
تعداد شماره‌ها	655
تعداد مقالات	9,581
تعداد مشاهده مقاله	68,524,001
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله	47,974,835

	Utilization of Construction and Demolition Waste for Sustainable Masonry: Experimental Analysis and Microstructural Insights
Journal of Rehabilitation in Civil Engineering
مقاله 20، دوره 14، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 41، اردیبهشت 2026 اصل مقاله (3.4 M)
نوع مقاله: Regular Paper
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22075/jrce.2025.36210.2229
نویسندگان
K Monish Kumar¹؛ H P Thanu^* ²؛ M C Nataraja³
¹Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru-570006, India
²Assistant Professor, Department of Construction Technology and Management, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru-570006, India
³Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru-570006, India
تاریخ دریافت: 24 آذر 1403، تاریخ بازنگری: 17 دی 1403، تاریخ پذیرش: 19 اسفند 1403
چکیده
Construction is an ever-growing industry that significantly contributes to the global economy and provides infrastructure for many diversified sectors such as housing, transportation, water supply, irrigation, and many other projects. The construction of these projects leads to increased demand for conventional materials in the form of bricks, cement, steel, aggregates, and so on, which has adversely impacted the environment. It has become inevitable for construction professionals to look for energy-efficient sustainable alternatives for conventional building materials. In the present experimental work, the authors have used construction waste as a sustainable alternative by replacing conventional materials partially or completely in masonry units. Construction wastes collected from nearby dump yards are segregated and processed to get the recycled aggregates which are later tested for quality. These aggregates and binders are proportioned to cast stabilized blocks having different engineering properties. These blocks when tested in compression at 7, 14 and 28 days, have resulted in strengths in the range of 2.82 MPa to 6.82 MPa. The blocks exhibiting higher strengths were further tested for physical, mechanical, and durability properties namely dimension, density, water absorption, scratch, and efflorescence. In addition, these blocks and the basic materials are tested for their microanalysis through SEM, XRD, and FTIR. Finally, prisms are cast and tested as a masonry unit at 7, 14, and 28 days. These blocks showed a maximum dry compressive strength of 4.1 MPa. From the study, it is observed that the stabilized recycled aggregate with 10% cement binder has resulted in acceptable alternative blocks having good engineering properties. The same is presented in the graphical abstract as well.
تازه های تحقیق
Masonry waste from nearby landfills is processed as stabilized blocks (SB). Materials are proportioned to replicate mortar and burnt brick present in C&D Waste. SB showing below-par strengths are reproportioned to get the improved properties. Processed blocks exhibited good qualities as noticed in the microstructure study. The blocks as a prism unit exhibited a practical strength of 4.1MPa.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Stabilized recycled aggregate blocks؛ Mechanical strengths؛ Prism test؛ Durability studies؛ Microstructural analysis

مراجع
[1] Murmu AL, Patel A. Towards sustainable bricks production: An overview. Constr Build Mater 2018;165:112–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.038. [2] Kumari LMT, Kulatunga U, Madusanka N, Jayasena N. Embodied Carbon Reduction Strategies for Buildings. In: Dissanayake R, Mendis P, editors. ICSBE 2018, vol. 44, Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2020, p. 295–308. [3] Jeyasegaram S, Sathiparan N. Influence of Soil Grading on the Mechanical Behavior of Earth Cement Blocks. MRS Adv 2020;5:2771–82. https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.317. [4] K. SS, T.P. T, M.V.N. SK. Implementing construction waste management in India: An extended theory of planned behaviour approach. Environ Technol Innov 2022;27:102401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2022.102401. [5] Josiah Marut J, Alaezi JO, Obeka IC. A Review of Alternative Building Materials for Sustainable Construction Towards Sustainable Development. J Mod Mater 2020;7:68–78. https://doi.org/10.21467/jmm.7.1.68-78. [6] Nagaraj HB, Rajesh A, Sravan M V. Influence of soil gradation, proportion and combination of admixtures on the properties and durability of CSEBs. Constr Build Mater 2016;110:135–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.023. [7] Jagadish KS, Reddy BV V, Rao KSN. Alternative Building Materials and Technologies. New Age International Limited; n.d. [8] Meesala CR, Verma NK, Kumar S. Critical review on fly‐ash based geopolymer concrete. Struct Concr 2020;21:1013–28. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201900326. [9] Wang B, Yan L, Fu Q, Kasal B. A Comprehensive Review on Recycled Aggregate and Recycled Aggregate Concrete. Resour Conserv Recycl 2021;171:105565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105565. [10] Prusty JK, Patro SK, Basarkar SS. Concrete using agro-waste as fine aggregate for sustainable built environment – A review. Int J Sustain Built Environ 2016;5:312–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2016.06.003. [11] Kasinikota P, Tripura DD. Evaluation of compressed stabilized earth block properties using crushed brick waste. Constr Build Mater 2021;280:122520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122520. [12] Jannat N, Hussien A, Abdullah B, Cotgrave A. Application of agro and non-agro waste materials for unfired earth blocks construction: A review. Constr Build Mater 2020;254:119346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119346. [13] Contreras M, Teixeira SR, Lucas MC, Lima LCN, Cardoso DSL, Da Silva GAC, et al. Recycling of construction and demolition waste for producing new construction material (Brazil case-study). Constr Build Mater 2016;123:594–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.044. [14] Sabai MM, Cox MGDM, Mato RR, Egmond ELC, Lichtenberg JJN. Concrete block production from construction and demolition waste in Tanzania. Resour Conserv Recycl 2013;72:9–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.12.003. [15] Malkanthi SN, Wickramasinghe WGS, Perera AADAJ. Use of construction waste to modify soil grading for compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEB) production. Case Stud Constr Mater 2021;15:e00717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00717. [16] Joshi AM, Basutkar SM, Ahmed MI, Keshava M, Seshagiri Rao R, Kaup SJ. Performance of stabilized adobe blocks prepared using construction and demolition waste. J Build Pathol Rehabil 2019;4:13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-019-0052-x. [17] Kongkajun N, Laitila EA, Ineure P, Prakaypan W, Cherdhirunkorn B, Chakartnarodom P. Soil-cement bricks produced from local clay brick waste and soft sludge from fiber cement production. Case Stud Constr Mater 2020;13:e00448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2020.e00448. [18] Malkanthi SN, Balthazaar N, Perera AADAJ. Lime stabilization for compressed stabilized earth blocks with reduced clay and silt. Case Stud Constr Mater 2020;12:e00326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2019.e00326. [19] Nagaraj HB, Shreyasvi C. Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks Using Iron Mine Spoil Waste - An Explorative Study. Procedia Eng 2017;180:1203–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.281. [20] Venkatarama Reddy B V, Lal R, Nanjunda Rao KS. Enhancing Bond Strength and Characteristics of Soil-Cement Block Masonry. J Mater Civ Eng 2007;19:164–72. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:2(164). [21] Sarangapani G, Venkatarama Reddy B V, Jagadish KS. Brick-Mortar Bond and Masonry Compressive Strength. J Mater Civ Eng 2005;17:229–37. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2005)17:2(229). [22] Kamplimath SM, Joshi AM. Alternatives to Conventional Cement-Sand Mortar for Sustainable Masonry Construction. SSRN Electron J 2015. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3350341. [23] IS 383 (1970): Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregates From Natural Sources For Concrete n.d. [24] IS 2720-8 (1983) n.d. [25] IS 712:1984. Specification for Building Limes (CED 4: Building Limes and Gypsum products) (reaffirmed 2009) 2009. [26] IS: 269. Ordinary Portland Cement - Specification (Sixth Revision). Bur Indian Stand 2015. [27] IS 1725 (1982): soil based blocks used in general building construction n.d. [28] Venkatarama Reddy B V, Latha MS. Influence of soil grading on the characteristics of cement stabilised soil compacts. Mater Struct 2014;47:1633–45. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-013-0142-1. [29] Walker P, Stace T. Properties of some cement stabilised compressed earth blocks and mortars. Mater Struct 1997;30:545–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02486398. [30] Kumar CR, Gadekari RS, Vani G, Mini KM. Stabilization of black cotton soil and loam soil using reclaimed asphalt pavement and waste crushed glass. Mater Today Proc 2020;24:379–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.289. [31] Venkatarama Reddy B V, Gupta A. Tensile Bond Strength of Soil-Cement Block Masonry Couplets Using Cement-Soil Mortars. J Mater Civ Eng 2006;18:36–45. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2006)18:1(36). [32] Rivera J, Coelho J, Silva R, Miranda T, Castro F, Cristelo N. Compressed earth blocks stabilized with glass waste and fly ash activated with a recycled alkaline cleaning solution. J Clean Prod 2021;284:124783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124783. [33] Venkataramu V, Venkatarama Reddy B V. Characteristics of Mortars and Masonry Using Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as Fine Aggregate. J Mater Civ Eng 2022;34:4022060. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004204. [34] Tennant AG, Foster CD, Reddy BVV. Detailed Experimental Review of Flexural Behavior of Cement Stabilized Soil Block Masonry. J Mater Civ Eng 2016;28:6016004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001548. [35] Nagaraj HB, Sravan M V, Arun TG, Jagadish KS. Role of lime with cement in long-term strength of Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks. Int J Sustain Built Environ 2014;3:54–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2014.03.001. [36] Venkatarama Reddy B V, Lal R, Nanjunda Rao KS. Optimum Soil Grading for the Soil-Cement Blocks. J Mater Civ Eng 2007;19:139–48. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:2(139). [37] IS 3495-1 to 4 (1992) n.d. [38] Soundarya N. Effect of fly ash and GGBS on lime stabilized mud block. Mater Today Proc 2021;47:4636–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.05.481. [39] IS 5454 (1978) n.d. [40] Indian Standard. Stabilized soil blocks used in general building construction-Specification. IS 1725, New Delhi, India 2023. [41] Bogas JA, Silva M, Glória Gomes M. Unstabilized and stabilized compressed earth blocks with partial incorporation of recycled aggregates. Int J Archit Herit 2019;13:569–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2018.1442891. [42] Abhilash HN, Walker P, Venkatarama Reddy B V, Heath A, Maskell D. Compressive Strength of Novel Alkali-Activated Stabilized Earth Materials Incorporating Solid Wastes. J Mater Civ Eng 2020;32:4020118. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003188. [43] IS 2386-6 (1963) n.d. [44] IS 2250 (1981): Code of Practice for Preparation and Use of Masonry Mortars n.d. [45] Sudhir MR, Beulah M, Sasha Rai P, Gayathri G. A microstructure exploration and compressive strength determination of red mud bricks prepared using industrial wastes. Mater Today Proc 2021;46:163–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.171. [46] Joseph HS, Pachiappan T, Avudaiappan S, Flores EIS. A Study on Mechanical and Microstructural Characteristics of Concrete Using Recycled Aggregate. Materials (Basel) 2022;15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217535. [47] Dos Reis GS, Cazacliu BG, Cothenet A, Poullain P, Wilhelm M, Sampaio CH, et al. Fabrication, microstructure, and properties of fired clay bricks using construction and demolition waste sludge as the main additive. J Clean Prod 2020;258:120733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120733. [48] Javdanian H. Experimental Study on Lime - Stabilization of Isfahan Landfill 2025;1:1–11. [49] Yaowarat T, Horpibulsuk S, Arulrajah A, Mirzababaei M, A Rashid AS. Compressive and Flexural Strength of Polyvinyl Alcohol–Modified Pavement Concrete Using Recycled Concrete Aggregates. J Mater Civ Eng 2018;30:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002233. [50] Lingegowda DC, Kumar JK, Prasad AGD, Zarei M, Gopal S. FTIR SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES ON CLEOME GYNANDRA – COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP BEFORE AND AFTER EXTRACTION n.d. [51] Prasad DD, Ravande K. FOURIER TRANSFORMED –INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (FTIR) STUDIES ON THE CONCRETE/CEMENT MORTAR MASS MADE OF CENT PERCENTAGE RECYCLED COARSE AND FINE AGGREGATES n.d. [52] Medvey B, Dobszay G. Durability of Stabilized Earthen Constructions: A Review. Geotech Geol Eng 2020;38:2403–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01208-6. [53] Arooz FR, Halwatura RU. Mud-concrete block (MCB): mix design & durability characteristics. Case Stud Constr Mater 2018;8:39–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2017.12.004. [54] González-López JR, Juárez-Alvarado CA, Ayub-Francis B, Mendoza-Rangel JM. Compaction effect on the compressive strength and durability of stabilized earth blocks. Constr Build Mater 2018;163:179–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.074. [55] Roknuzzaman M, Rahman MM. Compressive strength of recycled green concrete affected by chloride and sulfate exposures. J Rehabil Civ Eng 2024;12:55–65. https://doi.org/10.22075/jrce.2024.32378.1938. [56] Thennarasan Latha A, Murugesan B, Thomas BS. Compressed Stabilized Earth Block Incorporating Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash as a Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregates. Buildings 2023;13:1114. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051114. [57] Vignesh NP, Mahendran K, Arunachelam N. Effects of Industrial and Agricultural Wastes on Mud Blocks Using Geopolymer. Adv Civ Eng 2020;2020:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1054176. [58] Venu Madhava Rao K, Venkatarama Reddy B V, Jagadish KS. Flexural bond strength of masonry using various blocks and mortars. Mater Struct 1996;29:119–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02486202. [59] Sajanthan K, Balagasan B, Sathiparan N. Prediction of Compressive Strength of Stabilized Earth Block Masonry. Adv Civ Eng 2019;2019:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2072430. [60] Amalkar MS, Ali M, Jagadish KS. Strength of stabilized mud block masonry. J Build Pathol Rehabil 2021;6:8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-020-00101-2.
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 577 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 188

سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب

پیوندهای مفید

پیوندهای مفید

آمار

Utilization of Construction and Demolition Waste for Sustainable Masonry: Experimental Analysis and Microstructural Insights