Advances in Subcooling Techniques for Transcritical CO₂ Refrigeration Systems: A Comprehensive Review | ||
| Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Research | ||
| دوره 13، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 28، زمستان 2026، صفحه 387-412 اصل مقاله (1.02 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Review Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22075/jhmtr.2026.39481.1865 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Saif Nawaz Ahmad* 1؛ Nitin Kumar2؛ Rajnish Kumar3؛ Adil Nawaz Ahmad4 | ||
| 1Research and Development Cell, Cool-Max Innovation, Bhiwadi, Rajasthan, India | ||
| 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, RKGIT Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India | ||
| 3Department of Aeronautical Engineering, NCE Chandi, Bihar, India | ||
| 4Department of Civil Engineering, Aliah University Kolkata, India | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Transcritical CO₂ refrigeration systems are increasingly adopted as low-GWP alternatives; however, their performance deteriorates due to high gas cooler pressures and large throttling losses. Subcooling the refrigerant before expansion is a key thermodynamic solution to mitigate these losses, yet a comprehensive and updated synthesis that directly compares the performance and applicability of diverse subcooling techniques within a unified framework is lacking. This review addresses that gap by providing a structured, critical analysis of both internal and external subcooling methods, including internal heat exchangers (IHX), ejector- and expander-assisted systems, and mechanical and thermoelectric subcoolers. The consolidated findings indicate that for high-ambient conditions, mechanical subcooling consistently emerges as the most effective approach, offering substantial COP improvements (20-40%) and in the case of DMS, significant discharge pressure reduction. This review further examines integration challenges, advanced control strategies, and emerging hybrid and renewable-assisted systems, offering valuable insights for researchers and designers aiming to enhance the sustainability and performance of next-generation CO₂ refrigeration technologies. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Subcooling؛ Transcritical co2؛ Integrated mechanical؛ Dedicated mechanical؛ Thermoelectric | ||
| مراجع | ||
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