پیوندهای مفید
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 21 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 639 |
| تعداد مقالات | 9,334 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 67,964,991 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 24,567,799 |
Characteristics of Recycled Concrete Aggregate and its Implementation for Pavement Base Applications: A Review | ||
| Journal of Rehabilitation in Civil Engineering | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 11، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 30، مرداد 2023، صفحه 131-152 اصل مقاله (1.27 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Regular Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22075/jrce.2022.23836.1523 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Shravan Kumar Gangu* 1؛ Shankar Sabavath2 | ||
| 1Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Transportation Division, National Institute of Technology, Warangal-506004, India | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Transportation Division, National Institute of Technology, Warangal-506004, India | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 09 تیر 1400، تاریخ بازنگری: 11 تیر 1401، تاریخ پذیرش: 12 تیر 1401 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Significant amounts of Natural Aggregate (NA) materials are being used to meet the requirements of pavement structure. Simultaneously, enormous amounts of demolition waste, such as demolished concrete and reclaimed pavement materials, are dumped into landfills along roadsides, creating pressure on the environment. Therefore, the recycling of demolished materials and their utilization for pavement construction would result in conservation of natural aggregates, this would alleviate the problems related to geo-environment and bring several benefits for the environment and ensure sustainability. Several studies have been carried out to describe the mechanical properties of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) with and without stabilization. A thorough understanding of performance-related engineering properties of unbound RCA and stabilized RCA is essential for mechanistic-empirical pavement design. This paper reviewed the mechanical properties such as compaction, California bearing ratio, resilient modulus, and permanent deformation in the case of unbound RCA, and unconfined compressive strength, flexural strength, and stiffness for stabilized RCA from accessible works of literature on the application of RCA for pavement base. The findings from the literature indicated that RCA is source-dependent, moisture sensitive, and subjected to particle breakdown under wheel load that results in reduced shear strength. Further, if RCA is treated with mechanical stabilization by geosynthetics, the interface shear strength properties improve, and permanent deformation is reduced. Chemically stabilized RCA is a promising technique as its strength and durability complied with stabilized NA. Therefore, this review will be helpful for pavement engineering practitioners to explore RCA use in pavement base or subbase layers. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Recycled concrete aggregate؛ Stabilization؛ Mechanical properties؛ Environmental safety | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1]. Mani M, Venkatarama Reddy BV. (2012).Sustainability in human settlements: imminent materials and energy challenges for buildings in India.” Journal of the Indian Institute of Science, 92, 145-162.
[2]. Jain S, Singhal S, Jain NK.(2018). Construction and demolition waste (C&DW) in India: generation rate and implications of C&DW recycling. Int J of Constr Manag. 21:3, 261-270. doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2018.1523300
[3]. Akhtar A, and Sarmah. (2018). Construction and demolition waste generation and properties of recycled aggregate concrete: A global perspective. J. Clean. Prod, Vol. 186, 262-281. doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.085.
[4]. Kazemian F, Rooholamini H, Hassani A. (2019). Mechanical and fracture properties of concrete containing treated and untreated recycled concrete aggregates. Constr. Build. Mater. Vol. 209, P. 690-700. doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.179.
[5]. Maria AD, Eyckmans J, Acker KV. (2018). Downcycling versus recycling of construction and demolition waste: Combining LCA and LCC support sustainable policy making. Waste Manage. Vol. 75, P.3-21. doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.01.028.
[6]. Limbachiya MC, Koulouis A, Roberts JJ, Fried AN.(2004). Performance of recycled aggregate concrete. Proc. RILEM International Symposium on Environment-Conscious Materials and Systems for Sustainable Development, 2004, Koriyama, Japan, 127-136.
[7]. Islam R, Nazifa TH, Yuniarto A, Uddin ASMS, Salmiati S, Shahid S. (2019). An empirical study of construction and demolition waste generation and implication of recycling. Waste Manage. doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.049.
[8]. O Mahony MM, Milligan GWE. (1991). Use of recycled materials in subbase layers. Transport Res. Record 1991; 1310: 73-80.
[9]. Bennert T, Papp WJ, Maher A, Gucunski N. (2000). Utilization of construction and demolition debris under traffic type loading in base and subbase applications. J. Transportation Research Record, 1714, 33-39.
[10]. Park T. (2003). Application of Construction and Building Debris as Base and Subbase Materials in Rigid Pavement. J Transp Eng-ASCE 2002; 129(5): 558-563. doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2003)129:5(558).
[11]. Poon CS, Chan D.(2006). Feasible use of recycled concrete aggregates and crushed clay brick as unbound road subbase.” Constr. Build. Mater., Vol.20, P.578-585. doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.01.045.
[12]. Blankenagel BJ, Guthrie W.S. (2006). Laboratory characterization of recycled concrete for use as pavement base material. Transport. Res. Rec., No. 1952, Washington, D.C., 2006, 21-27.
[13]. Arulrajah A, Piratheepan J, Ali MMY, Bo MW.(2012). Geotechnical properties of recycled concrete aggregate in pavement subbase applications." Geotec. Test. J., 35(5), 1-9.
[14]. Arulrajah A, Disfani MM, Horpibulsuk S, Suksiripattanapong C, Prongmanee N. (2014a).Physical properties and shear strength responses of recycled construction and demolition materials in unbound pavement base/subbase applications. Constr. Build. Mater. doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.02.025.
[15]. Arisha AM, Gabr AR, El-Badawy SM, Shwally SA.(2018).Performance evaluation of construction and demolition waste materials for pavement construction in Egypt.” J. Mater. Civil. Eng. doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002127.
[16]. Ardalan N, Wilson DJ, Larkin TJ.(2020). Analyzing the Application of Different Sources of Recycled Concrete Aggregate for Road Construction. Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board 2020.
[17]. Puppala AJ, Wattanasantichareon E, Hoyos LR.(2003).Ranking of four chemical and mechanical stabilization methods to treat low volume road subgrade in Texas. Transportation Research Record1819, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, pp.63-71.
[18]. Mohammadinia A, ArulrajahA, Sanjayan J, Disfani MM, Bo MW, Darmawan S. (2014).Laboratory evaluation of the use of cement-treated construction and demolition materials in pavement base and subbase applications. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001148
[19]. Arulrajah A, Mohammadinia A, Phummiphan I, Horpibulsuk S, Samingthong W.(2016). Stabilization of recycled demolition aggregates by geopolymers comprising calcium carbide, fly ash and slag precursors. Constr. Build. Mater., 114, 864-873. doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.150
[20]. Mohammadinia A, Arulrajah A, Sanjayan J, Disfani MM, Win Bo M, Dharmawan S. (2016).Stabilization of demolition materials for pavement base/subbase applications using fly ash and slag geopolymers: laboratory investigations.J. Mater. Civ. Eng., doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001526.
[21]. Arulrajah A, Mohammadinia A, D'Amico, Horpibulsuk S.(2017). Cement kiln dust and fly ash blends as an alternative binder for the stabilization of demolition aggregates.Constr. Build. Mater. 145, 218-225. doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.007.
[22]. Mohammadinia A, Arulrajah A, D Amicao, Horpibulsuk S. (2018). Alkali activation of fly ash and cement kiln dust mixtures for stabilization of demolition aggregates.Constr. Build. Mater. 186: 71-78.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.103.
[23]. Giri JP, Panda M, Sahoo UC.(2018a). Performance Of Bituminous Mixes Containing Emulsion Treated Recycled Concrete Aggregates. J. Mater.Civ. Eng. doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002239
[24]. Maduabuchukwu Nwakaire C, Poh Yap S, Chuen Onn C, Wah Yuen C, AdebayoIbrahim H.( 2020). Utilization of recycled concrete aggregates for sustainable highway pavement applications; a review. Construct. Build. Mater.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117444.
[25]. Sanger M, Natarajan BM, Wang B, Edil T, Vogel MG.(2020). Recycled concrete aggregate in base course applications: Review of field and laboratory investigations of leachate pH. J. Hazard. Mater.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121562.
[26]. Aytekin B, Aghabaglou AM. (2022). Sustainable materials: A review of recycled concrete aggregate utilization as pavement material. Transportation Research Record. doi.org/10.1177/03611981211052026 .
[27]. Akbarnezhad A, Ong KCG, Zhang MH, Tam CT.Acid treatment technique for determining the mortar content of recycled concrete aggregates. J. ASTM Int., Vol.41, 2013, pp.441-450.
[28]. Gabr AR, Cameron DA.(2012). Properties of recycled concrete aggregate for unbound pavement construction. J. Mater. Civ. Eng., doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000447.
[29]. Edil B. (2017).A review of recycled aggregates (RAP and RCA) as unbound base course material for sustainable highway construction. Proceedings of the 4th congress International de Geotechnique-Ouvrages-Structures, Springer.
[30]. Tam VWY, Tam CM.(2007).Crushed aggregate production from centralizing combined and individual waste sources in Hong Kong. Construct. Build. Mater. doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.12.016.
[31]. Arulrajah A, Ali M, Disfani M, Horpibusuk S.(2014a).Recycled glass blends in pavement base/subbase applications: laboratory and field evaluation. J. Mater. Civil. Eng. doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000966
[32]. Cooley LA, Hornsby H. (2012). Evaluation of Crushed Concrete Base Strength. Report, Mississippi Department of Transportation, Jackson, MS.
[33]. Bennert T, Maher A.(2005).The development of a performance specification for granular base and subbase material.Report No. FHWA-NJ-2005-003.
[34]. Poon CS, Chan DX.(2006b). Feasible use of recycled concrete aggregates and crushed clay brick as unbound road subbase. Construct. Build. Mater.20(8), 578-585.
[35]. Poon CS, Chan D.(2006a). The use of recycled aggregate in concrete in Hong-Kong. Resour. Conserve. Recycl.
[36]. Bennert T, Maher A. (2008). The use of recycled concrete aggregate in a dense graded aggregate base course. U. S. Department of Transportation, FHWA, New Jersey Department of Transportation, New Jersey, USA, p.65.
[37]. Melbouci B. (2009). Compaction and shearing behavior study of recycled aggregates. Constr. Build. Mater. 23(8), 2723-2730.
[38]. Jimnez JR, Ayuso J, Argela F, Lopez, M, Galvin, AP.(2012).Utilization of unbound recycled aggregates from selected CDW in unpaved rural roads. Resour., Conserv. Recycle. 58. 88-97. doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.10.012
[39]. Behiry AE.(2013). Utilization of cement treated recycled concrete aggregates as base or subbase layer in Egypt. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, pp661-673. doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2013.02.005.
[40]. Haider I, Cetin B, Kaya Z, Hatipogulu M, Cetin A, Ahmet HA.(2014). Evaluation of the mechanical performance of recycled concrete aggregates used in highway base layers. Geo-Congress 2014 Technical papers at Geo-Characterization and Modeling for Sustainability, ASCE, Reston, VA, 3686-3694.
[41]. Echevarria MJM, Alonso ML, Garach L, Alegre J, Poon CS, Agrela F, Cabrera M.(2020).Crushing treatment on recycled aggregates to improve their mechanical behavior for use in unbound road layers.Constr. Build. Mater. 263 (2020) 120517
[42]. Huang, Y. H. (1993). Pavement analysis and design, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
[43]. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.Standard Test Method for Determining the Resilient Modulus of Soils and Aggregate Materials. (AASHTO TP46-94). Washington, D. C.
[44]. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Standard method of test for determining the resilient modulus of soil and aggregate materials.AASHTO T 307-99 (2007)
[45]. NCHRP (2000), Harmonized test methods for laboratory determination of resilient modulus for flexible pavement design, Volume 1: Unbound granular material. NCHRP Project 1-28a Draft Report, 198p.
[46]. Lekarp F, Isacsson U, Dawson A. (2000). State of the art II-Permanent strain response of unbound aggregates. J. Transp. Eng., 76-83.
[47]. Aydilek AH. (2015). Environmental Suitability of Recycled Concrete Aggregates in Highways. Research report, Maryland State Highway Administration.
[48]. Nataatmadja A, Tan YL. (2001). Resilient response of recycled concrete road aggregates. J. Transp. Eng., 127(5), 451-453.
[49]. Molin C, Larsson K, Arvidsson H. (2004).Quality of reused crushed concrete strength, contamination, and crushing technique. International RILEM conference on the use of recycled materials in buildings and structures. RILEM Publications, Barcelona, Spain, pp150-155.
[50]. Jitsangiam P, Nikraz H, Siripun K.(2009). Construction and demolition (C&D) waste as a road base material for Western Australia roads. Aust. Geomech. J., 44(3), 57-62.
[51]. Vuong BT, Brimble R(2000). Austroads repeated load triaxial method-Determination of permanent deformation and resilient modulus characteristics of unbound granular materials under drained conditions. APRG Document 00/33 (MA), Melbourne, Australia.
[52]. Bozyurt O, Tinjum JM, Son YH, Edil T. B, Benson CH.(2012). Resilient modulus of recycled asphalt pavement and recycled concrete aggregate. GeoCongress 2012, 3901-3910.
[53]. Azam AM, Cameron DA, Rahman MM. (2013). Model for prediction of resilient modulus incorporating matric suction for recycled unbound granular materials. Can. Geotech. J., 50(11), 1143-1158. doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-040
[54]. Applied Research Associates (ARA). (2004). Guide for mechanistic-empirical design of new and rehabilitated pavement structures. Final Rep., National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project1-37A, Albuquerque, NM.
[55]. Arulrajah A, Rahman MA, Piratheepan J, Bo MW, Imteaz MA.(2014). Evaluation of interface shear strength properties of geogrid-reinforced construction and demolition materials using a modified large scale direct shear testing apparatus. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 26 (5), 974–982.
[56]. Bestgen JO, Hatipogulu M, Cetin B, Aydilek AH. (2016). Mechanical and environmental suitability of recycled concrete aggregate as a highway base material. J. Mater. Civ. Eng., doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001564
[57]. Jayakody S, Gallage C, Ramanujam J. (2019). Performance characteristics of recycled concrete aggregate as an unbound pavement material. Heliyon 5 (9):doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02494.
[58]. Gabr AR, Mills KG, Cameron DA. (2013). Repeated load triaxial testing of recycled concrete aggregate for pavement base construction. Geotech. Geol. Eng., doi.org/10.1007/s10706-012-9572-8
[59]. Balbo JT. (1997). High-quality cement treated crushed stones for concrete pavement bases. 6th Purdue Conference on Concrete Pavement. Proc., 6th Int. Conf. on Concrete Pavement Design and Materials for High Performance, International Society for Concrete Pavements, Indianapolis.
[60]. MEPDG. Guide for Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide. AASHTO, 2008.
[61]. Yeo YS, Jitsangiam P, Nikraz H. (2011). Mix design of cementitious base course. International conference on advances in Geotechnical Engineering, pp. 379-385(2011).
[62]. ASTM (1995). Standard test method for indirect tension test for resilient modulus of bituminous mixtures. ASTM D-4123.
[63]. Sobhan K, Mashnad M. (2000). Fatigue durability of stabilized recycled aggregate base course containing fly ash and waste -plastic strip reinforcement. Final Rep. Submitted to the Recycled Materials Resource Centre, Univ. of New Hampshire, Dept. of Civil and Geological Engineering, New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM.
[64]. ASTM. (2014). Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. ASTM C39/C39M-14.
[65]. Guthrie WS, Sebesta S, Scullion T. (2002). Selecting optimum cement contents for stabilizing aggregate base materials. Technical report for the Texas Department of Transportation; 53p.
[66]. Texas Dept. of Transportation (TxDOT).(2013). Test procedure for soil-cement testing. Tex-120-E, Austin, TX.
[67]. Li Y, Sun X, Yin J. (2010). Mix design of cement stabilized aggregate base course material. Geo-Shanghai 2010 International Conference, Paving Materials and Pavement Analysis, ASCE, 184-192.
[68]. Disfani MM, Arulrajah A, Hahhighi H, Mohammadinia A, Horpibulsuk S. (2014). Flexural beam fatigue strength evaluation of crushed brick as supplementary material in cement stabilized recycled concrete aggregates. Constr. Build. Mater., 68, 667-676.
[69]. AS 5101.4-2008. Methods for preparation and testing stabilized materials unconfined compressive strength of compacted materials. Standards Australia
[70]. ASTM. (2009). Standard test method for unconfined compressive strength of compacted soil lime mixtures. ASTM D 5102-09.
[71]. Zhou J, Zeng M, Chen Y, Zhong M. (2019). Evaluation of cement stabilized recycled concrete aggregate treated with waste oil and asphalt emulsion. Constr. Build. Mater. 199(Feb): 143-153.
[72]. Yaowarat T, Horpibulsuk S, Arulrajah A, Maghool F, Mirzababei M, Rashid A, Chinkulkijniwat. (2020).Cement stabilization of recycled concrete aggregate modified with polyvinyl alcohol. Int. Jour. Pav. Eng., pp 1-9.
[73]. AUSTROADS (2008). Guide to pavement technology: Pavement Structural Design.
[74]. IRC (Indian Roads Congress).2018. Guidelines for the design of flexible pavements. Indian code of practice. IRC:37. New Delhi, India.
[75]. ASTM. (1996). Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. ASTM C496-96.
[76]. ASTM. (2009). Standard test method for flexural strength of concrete (Using simple beam with third point loading). ASTM C78-09.
[77]. AS1012.11-2000. Methods of testing concrete, Method 11: Determination of the modulus of rupture. Standards Australia 2000.
[78]. Mohammadinia A, Arulrajah A, Phummiphan I, Horpibulsuk S, Mirzababei M. (2019). Flexural fatigue strength of demolition aggregates stabilized with alkali-activated calcium carbide residue. Constr. Build. Mater. 199 (Feb): 115-123.
[79]. Arulrajah A, Perera S, Wong YC, Horpibulsuk S, Maghool F. (2020). Stiffness and flexural strength evaluation of cement stabilized PET blends with demolition wastes. Constr. Build. Mater.
[80]. Austroads,APT101/08. The development and evaluation of protocols for the laboratory characterization of cemented materials.
[81]. Rahman MA, Arulrajah A, Piratheepan J, Bo MW, Imteaz MA. (2014a). Resilient modulus and permanent deformation responses of geogrid reinforced construction and demolition materials. J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 512-519.
[82]. Liu X, Scarpas A, Blaauwendraad J, Genske DD. (1998). Geogrid reinforcing of recycled aggregate materials for road construction: Finite element investigation.Transportation Research Record, 1611, 78-85.
[83]. Gongora I AG, Palmira EM. (2012). Influence of fill and geogrid characteristics on the performance of unpaved roads on weak subgrades. Geosynthetics International, 19(2), 191-199.
[84]. Rahman MA, Arulrajah A, Piratheepan J, Bo MW, Imteaz MA. (2014d). Resilient modulus and permanent deformation responses of geogrid reinforced construction and demolition materials. J. Mater. Civ. Eng, 26 (3), 512-519.
[85]. Walkenbach T N, Han J, Parsons RL, Li Z. (2020). Effect of Geogrid Stabilization on Performance of Granular Base Course over Weak Subgrade. In Geo-Congress 2020: Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Special Topics (pp. 527-535): ASCE Reston, VA.
[86]. Barksdale RD, Itani SY, Swor TE.(1992). Evaluation of recycled concrete, open-graded aggregate, and large top size aggregate bases. Transportation Research Record 1345, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 92-100.
[87]. Cavey JK, Krizek RJ, Sobhan K, Baker WH.(1995). Waste fibers in cement stabilized recycled aggregate base course material. Proc., Environmental Testing and Evaluation of Stabilized Wastes, Performance of Stabilized Materials, and New Aggregate Tests, Transportation Research Record 1486, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 97-106.
[88]. Chini AR, Kuo S, Armaghani JM, Duxbury JP. (2001). Test of recycled concrete aggregate in accelerated test track. J. Transp. Eng., 127(6). 486-492.
[89]. Ho NY, Lee YPK, Tan JY.(2008). Beneficial use of recycled concrete aggregate for road construction in Singapore. 6th International Conference on Road and Airfield Pavement Technology, Sapporo, Japan p.8
[90]. Coban HS, Cetin B, Ceylan H, Edil T, Nazarian S. (2020). Evaluation of field and laboratory stiffness of recycled materials used in pavement base layers.Geo-Congress,ASCE, 318pp 582-590. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,017 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 594 |
||