Zero watermarking technique using LWT

Kahdim, Saja Abdulameer; Abduldaim, Areej M.

doi:10.22075/ijnaa.2023.7294

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	Zero watermarking technique using LWT
International Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications
مقاله 188، دوره 14، شماره 1، فروردین 2023، صفحه 2399-2407 اصل مقاله (967.75 K)
نوع مقاله: Research Paper
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22075/ijnaa.2023.7294
نویسندگان
Saja Abdulameer Kahdim؛ Areej M. Abduldaim^*
Mathematics and Computer Applications, Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10001, Iraq
تاریخ دریافت: 11 شهریور 1401، تاریخ بازنگری: 23 آذر 1402، تاریخ پذیرش: 11 دی 1401
چکیده
It is no secret to anyone the essential steps of mathematics in image processing and especially in image watermarking techniques. Transformations are one of the most important mathematical tools used in image processing. It is possible to reduce the size of the image very efficiently and extract important information from it. On the other hand, transformations enable us to move smoothly from the world of image processing (spacial domain) to the world of mathematics and matrices (frequency domain). In this paper, to build a zero-watermarking algorithm, the integer wavelet transform (IWT), is used alone to show the mathematical effect of the results obtained from the proposed zero-watermarking algorithms. One level of IWT is applied to the concealment image and the watermark is XORed with the features chosen from the crucial information obtained from the LL channel to generate the secret share. The results were very satisfactory and the proposed algorithm proved its resistance to different attacks through the robustness metric NC.
کلیدواژه‌ها
image processing؛ robustness metric NC؛ watermarking؛ wavelet transform

مراجع
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Zero watermarking technique using LWT