پیوندهای مفید
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 21 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 667 |
| تعداد مقالات | 9,708 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 69,197,637 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 48,533,408 |
Estimating the influencing factors on the volume of the underground economy using fuzzy logic | ||
| International Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications | ||
| مقاله 27، دوره 15، شماره 9، آذر 2024، صفحه 369-380 اصل مقاله (2.97 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22075/ijnaa.2023.31069.4557 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Javad Vasheghani1؛ Fateme Zandi* 1؛ Majid Afshari Rad2؛ Mohammad Khazri1 | ||
| 1Department of Economics, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Economics, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 26 بهمن 1401، تاریخ بازنگری: 06 تیر 1402، تاریخ پذیرش: 14 تیر 1402 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The aim of this research was to estimate the influencing factors on the size of the underground economy using fuzzy logic. The illegal nature of the underground economy also limits private investment and economic growth. For example, companies that operate in the underground economy are not able to use the institutions that support the market economy (judiciary and courts), which makes them less inclined to invest. Therefore, it can be said that one of the most important issues that should be considered in economic policies is the underground sector of the economy. The research method in this research is of a descriptive-survey type, and the type of research in the current research is causal and practical in terms of the purpose, because the expected results of the research can be used in examining the dimensions of the underground economy. It is used in university and economic resources. To estimate the index of the underground economy and examine its trend using fuzzy logic, it is necessary to perform these steps; Accurate determination of indicators, fuzzification, definition of basic rules, inference engine, determinism and sensitivity analysis. To estimate the index of the underground economy with fuzzy logic, they are divided into three sub-criteria including the financial sector, the monetary sector and the real sector. The results showed that the informal sector constitutes an important part of the economy and the labor market in developing countries. This sector plays a major role in production, creating employment and income by producing goods and services, transferring skills by newcomers to the sector, reducing unemployment and using individual capital. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| underground economy؛ exchange rate؛ tax؛ economic size؛ structural equation modeling | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1] G.S. Becker, A theory of social interactions, J. Politic. Econ. 82 (1974), no. 6, 1063–1093. [2] S.M. Billger and R.K. Goel, Do existing corruption levels matter in controlling corruption?: Cross-country quantile regression estimates, J. Dev. Econ. 90 (2009), no. 2, 299–305. [3] M. Bouev, Official regulations and the shadow economy: a labour market approach, William Davidson Institute Working Paper, 2012, no. 524. [4] A. Buehn, A. Karmann and F. Schneider, Shadow economy and do-it-yourself activities: the German case, J. Inst. Theore. Econ. 165 (2009), no. 4, 701–722. [5] A. Chong and M. Gradstein, Inequality and informality, J. Public Econ. 91 (2007), no. 1–2, 159–179. [6] C.M. Ene and A. Mitroi, Two sides of the MIMIC model of the underground economy, Econophysics, New Economics & Complexity International Conference, ENEC Working Papers CD, 2008. [7] B.S. Frey and F. Schneider, Informal and underground economy, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Department of Economics, Linz, Working Paper, 2000, no. 0004. [8] K. Hart, Informal income opportunities and urban employment in Ghana, J. Modern Afr. Stud. 11 (1973), no. 1, 61–89. [9] S.W. Jie, H.H. Tat, A. Rasli and L.T. Chye, Underground economy: definition and causes, Bus. Manage. Rev. 1 (2011), no. 2, 14–24. [10] S. Johnson, D. Kaufmann and P. Zoido-Lobaton, Regulatory discretion and the unofficial economy, Amer. Econ. Rev. 88 (1998), no. 2, 387–392. [11] S.C. Kyle, A. Warner, L. Dimitrov, R. Krustev, S. Alexandrova, and K. Stanchev, Measuring the shadow economy in Bulgaria, Working or Discussion Paper, Cornell University, 2001, no. 642-2016-44021. [12] R.T. Marler and J.S. Arora, Survey of multi-objective optimization methods for engineering, Struct. Multidiscip. Optim. 26 (2014), 369–395. [13] F. Schneider and D. Enste, Shadow economies: Size, causes, and consequences, J. Econ. Literature, 38 (2020), 77–114. [14] L.M. Tedds and D.E. Giles, Taxes and the Canadian Underground Economy, Taxes and the Canadian Underground Economy, Toronto: Canadian Tax Foundation, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1002475, (2002). [15] T.H.-K. Yu, D.H.-M. Wang and S.-J. Chen, A fuzzy logic approach to modeling the underground economy in Taiwan, Phys. A: Statist. Mech. Appl. 362 (2006), no. 2, 471–479. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,318 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 862 |
||