1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
2استاد، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
3استاد‌یار، گروه راهنمایی و مشاوره، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
تاریخ دریافت: 08 دی 1400،
تاریخ بازنگری: 19 دی 1400،
تاریخ پذیرش: 01 اسفند 1400
چکیده
مقدمه: پناهگاه روانی شامل شبکه‌ای از روابط ابژه‌ای آسیب شناختی و منظومه‌ای از دفاع‌هاست که در خدمت محافظت از بیمار در برابر مجموعه‌ای از اضطراب‌ها عمل می‌کند. هدف از انجام این پژوهش ارزیابی و فهم تظاهرات رفتاری و نشانه‌های متناظر با پناهگاه‌های روانی در افراد دارای اختلال شخصیت خوشه c بود. روش: پژوهش حاضر به روش کیفی و مبتنی بر مطالعه موردی با رویکرد پدیدارشناختی - هرمنوتیکی بود. اطلاعات از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با سه دانشجوی مبتلا به اختلال شخصیت خوشه c جمع‌آوری شد. نمونه‌گیری به روش هدفمند بود و داده‌ها براساس تحلیل تفسیری پدیدارشناختی (IPA) مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: مفاهیم شناسایی شده از مصاحبه‌ها در نُه مضمون خوشه‌بندی شد که شکل‌دهنده دو مضمون بالاتر پناهگاه‌های روانی است. بر مبنای الگوهای به‌دست آمده و تبیین ساختاری، شکل اختصاصی پناهگاه روانی برای هر یک از مشارکت‌کنندگان تشریح شد: پناهگاه روانی بر اساس شرم و تحقیر ناشی از ابژه مشاهده‌گر، پناهگاه روانی بر اساس شکایت و تظلم، و پناهگاه روانی بر اساس خشم و شکایت و کشمکش بر سر قدرت. نتیجه گیری: نتایج به‌دست آمده نشان می‌دهد در هر سه اختلال شخصیت خوشه c، سازمان آسیب‌شناختی با ماهیت و کیفیت مشابه اما با تظاهرات نشانه‌ای متمایز برای هر اختلال شخصیت در شکل پناهگاه روانی نمود یافته است. توجه روان‌درمان‌گران به ماهیت و کارکرد پناهگاه‌های روانی و نقش آن در ایجاد بن‌بست درمانی و وقفه تحولی می‌تواند دریچه‌ای باشد برای فهم بهتر موضع بیمار و خود درمانگر و غنای روان‌درمانی.
Psychic Retreats in Cluster C Personality Disordered Individuals: a qualitative case study
نویسندگان [English]
Hasan Hadinezhad1؛ Mohammad-Naghi Farahani2؛ Azizollah Tajikesmaeili3
1PhD Student, Department of Psychology, University of Kharazmi
2PhD, Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Kharazmi
3PhD, Associate professor, Department of Counseling, University of Kharazmi
چکیده [English]
Introduction: Psychic retreat consists of a network of pathological object relationships and a system of defenses that serve to protect the patient against a range of anxieties. The aim of this study was to evaluate and understand the behavioral manifestations and symptoms corresponding to psychic retreats in individuals with cluster C personality disorder. Method: The present study was a qualitative method based on a case study with a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with three students with cluster c personality disorder. Sampling was purposive and the data were analyzed based on phenomenological interpretive analysis (IPA). Results: The concepts identified from the interviews were clustered in nine sub-themes, which form the two main themes of psychic retreats. Based on the obtained patterns and structural explanation, the specific form of the retreat was explained to each participant: a psychic retreat based on shame and humiliation caused by the observer object, a psychic retreat based on grievances, and a psychic retreat based on anger and grievance and the struggle for power. Conclusion: The results show that in all three personality disorders of cluster c, the pathological organization with the same nature and quality but with distinct symptom manifestations for each personality disorder has appeared in the form of psychic retreat. Psychotherapists' attention of the nature and function of psychic retreats and its role in creating therapeutic impasse and developmental interruption can be a window to better understand the position of the patient and the therapist and the richness of psychotherapy.
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